ReviewJournal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology2020
The amphibian complement system and chytridiomycosis.
Review in Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differential Immune Responses Correlate With Chytridiomycosis Severity in Italian Crested Newts.Molecular ecology · 2026Article
- Bacterial killing assays in ecoimmunology require cross-validation by agreement statistics.Biology open · 2026Article
- The Individual and Combined Effects of Warming and Atrazine on Lithobates pipiens Phenotypes: Implications for Frog Declines.Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology · 2026Article
- Framework for multi-stressor physiological response evaluation in amphibian risk assessment and conservation.Frontiers in ecology and evolution · 2024Article
- Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis strain affects transcriptomic response in liver but not skin in latitudinal populations of the common toad (Bufo bufo).Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The adaptive microbiome hypothesis and immune interactions in amphibian mucus.Developmental and comparative immunology · 2023Review
- Testosterone immunomodulation in free-living and captivePhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Effects of exogenous elevation of corticosterone on immunity and the skin microbiome of eastern newts (Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Article
- The amphibian immune system.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Introduction to the special issue Amphibian immunity: stress, disease and ecoimmunology.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Critical review of the phytohemagglutinin assay for assessing amphibian immunity.Conservation physiology · 2023Article
- Functional Identification of Complement Factor D and Analysis of Its Expression during GCRV Infection in Grass Carp (International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Global Patterns of the Fungal PathogenFrontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
- The amphibian complement system and chytridiomycosis.Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Understanding host immune function and ecoimmunology is increasingly important at a time when emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) threaten wildlife. One EID that has emerged and spread widely in recent years is chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which is implicated unprecedented amphibian declines around the world. The impacts of Bd have been severe for many amphibian species, but some populations have exhibited signs of persistence, and even recovery, in some regions. Many mechanisms may underpin this pattern and amphibian immune responses are likely one key component. Although we have made great strides in understanding amphibian immunity, the complement system remains poorly understood. The complement system is a nonspecific, innate immune defense that is known to enhance other immune responses. Complement activation can occur by three different biochemical pathways and result in protective mechanisms, such as inflammation, opsonization, and pathogen lysis, thereby providing protection to the host. We currently lack an understanding of complement pathway activation for chytridiomycosis, but several studies have suggested that it may be a key part of an early and robust immune response that confers host resistance. Here, we review the available research on the complement system in general as well as amphibian complement responses to Bd infection. Additionally, we propose future research directions that will increase our understanding of the amphibian complement system and other immune responses to Bd. Finally, we suggest how a deeper understanding of amphibian immunity could enhance the conservation and management of amphibian species that are threatened by chytridiomycosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.