SynthesisThe American journal of clinical nutrition2020
Selenium, antioxidants, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Synthesis in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 139 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antioxidants for adults with chronic kidney disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Association between an oxidative balance score and mortality: a prospective analysis in the SUN cohort.European journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- Vascular Aging and Atherosclerosis: The Modulatory Impact of Selenium-A Comprehensive Review.Cells · 2026Review
- Gender-specific and dose-dependent responses to L-se-methylselenocysteine are mediated by the gut microbiota-metabolite axis: implications for intestinal homeostasis and safe clinical application.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Concentration of Trace Elements in Patients with Aortic Stenosis and Coexisting Coronary Artery Disease: A Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Essential and Toxic Elements in Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiological Roles and the Emerging Contribution of Hair Mineral Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Exploring optimal serum selenium range for heart failure prevention: A U-shaped association and mediation by hepatic steatosis in US adults.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Article
- Trace Mineral Imbalances in Global Health: Challenges, Biomarkers, and the Role of Serum Analysis.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Selenium, a Notable Micronutrient: A Crucial Element in the Context of All-Cause Long-Term Mortality in Renal Failure.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- Exploring causal relationships between circulating micronutrients and age-related eye diseases: a Mendelian randomization study.Genes & nutrition · 2025Article
- Joint and independent associations of dietary antioxidant intakes with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among patients with hypertension: a population-based cohort study.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- Serum selenium and reduced mortality in middle-aged and older adults with prefrailty or frailty: the mediating role of inflammatory status.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Micronutrient Deficiencies in Heart Failure and Relationship with Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Effects and Impact of Selenium on Human Health, A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Impact of Alcohol Consumption on Lifespan: a Mendelian randomization study in Europeans.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A study on the methylation patterns ofHeliyon · 2024Article
- High dietary antioxidant intake linked to lower risk of myocardial infarction: a nested case-control study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Article
- Spectral Characteristics, In Silico Perspectives, Density Functional Theory (DFT), and Therapeutic Potential of Green-Extracted Phycocyanin fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Plant Extracts for Production of Functionalized Selenium Nanoparticles.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Selenium Species in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2.Biological trace element research · 2024Review
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAntioxidants have been promoted for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction and for the prevention of cancer. Our preliminary analysis suggested that only when selenium was present were antioxidant mixtures associated with reduced all-cause mortality.
objectiveWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to determine the effect of selenium supplementation alone and of antioxidant mixtures with or without selenium on the risk of CVD, cancer, and mortality.
methodsWe identified studies using the Cochrane Library, Medline, and Embase for potential CVD outcomes, cancer, and all-cause mortality following selenium supplementation alone or after antioxidant supplement mixtures with and without selenium up to June 5, 2020. RCTs of ≥24 wk were included and data were analyzed using random-effects models and classified by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach.
resultsThe meta-analysis identified 9423 studies, of which 43 were used in the final analysis. Overall, no association of selenium alone or antioxidants was seen with CVD and all-cause mortality. However, a decreased risk with antioxidant mixtures was seen for CVD mortality when selenium was part of the mix (RR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.97; P = 0.02), with no association when selenium was absent. Similarly, when selenium was part of the antioxidant mixture, a decreased risk was seen for all-cause mortality (RR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.98; P = 0.02) as opposed to an increased risk when selenium was absent (RR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.13; P = 0.0002).
conclusionThe addition of selenium should be considered for supplements containing antioxidant mixtures if they are to be associated with CVD and all-cause mortality risk reduction. This trial was registered at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ as CRD42019138268.
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Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.