Trial reportNutrients2020
Choline Intake as Supplement or as a Component of Eggs Increases Plasma Choline and Reduces Interleukin-6 without Modifying Plasma Cholesterol in Participants with Metabolic Syndrome.
Trial report in Nutrients, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary Choline and Betaine Are Not Associated With the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of egg consumption on circulating choline, betaine, and trimethylamine n-oxide in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Nutrition journal · 2025Pooled it
- The Impact of Egg Consumption on Gastrointestinal Health: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of whole egg consumption on weight and body composition in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.Systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Is There a Correlation between Dietary and Blood Cholesterol? Evidence from Epidemiological Data and Clinical Interventions.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Consumption of Different Egg-Based Diets Alters Clinical Metabolic and Hematological Parameters in Young, Healthy Men and Women.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- One-year longitudinal association between changes in dietary choline or betaine intake and cardiometabolic variables in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea-Plus (PREDIMED-Plus) trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Trial
- The Effects of Eggs in a Plant-Based Diet on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Metabolic Syndrome.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Eggs Improve Plasma Biomarkers in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome Following a Plant-Based Diet-A Randomized Crossover Study.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Comparison between Egg Intake versus Choline Supplementation on Gut Microbiota and Plasma Carotenoids in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Choline supplementation in classic homocystinuria: impact on homocysteine and hepatic steatosis.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Nutritional Aspects of Eggs for a Healthy and Sustainable Consumption: A Narrative Review.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- The Interplay of Dietary Choline and Methyl Donors in Modulating Maternal Inflammation: Insights from Project Viva.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Serum choline, leptin and interleukin-6 levels in fibromyalgia syndrome-induced pain: a case-control study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Untargeted metabolomics reveals distinct biomarkers and metabolic alterations in familial and non-genetic hypercholesterolemia in Saudi patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Association between dietary choline intake and odds of preeclampsia: a case-control study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Choline in immunity: a key regulator of immune cell activation and function.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Choline: An Essential Nutrient for Human Health.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Discriminant Analysis of the Nutritional Components between Organic Eggs and Conventional Eggs: AMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Epigenetics, microRNA and Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance, which increase the risk of heart disease. Eggs have numerous nutrients including choline, carotenoids, and fat-soluble vitamins that may protect against these conditions. Egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) is a major contributor of dietary choline in the American diet. However, uncertainty remains regarding eggs due to their high concentration of cholesterol. In this study, we evaluated the effect of two sources of choline, whole eggs (a source of PC) and a choline supplement (choline bitartrate, CB), on plasma lipids, glucose, insulin resistance, and inflammatory biomarkers. We recruited 23 subjects with MetS to participate in this randomized cross-over intervention. After a 2-week washout, with no choline intake, participants were randomly allocated to consume three eggs/day or CB (~400 mg choline/d for both) for 4 weeks. After a 3-week washout period, they were allocated to the alternate treatment. Dietary records indicated higher concentrations of vitamin E and selenium during the egg period (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.