Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33077883›Full record

ArticleNature human behaviour2021

Infants relax in response to unfamiliar foreign lullabies.

Constance M Bainbridge, Mila Bertolo, Julie Youngers, S Atwood, Lidya Yurdum, Jan Simson, Kelsie Lopez, Feng Xing, Alia Martin, Samuel A Mehr

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature human behaviour, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. The reciprocal relationship between maternal infant-directed singing and infant gaze.Musicae scientiae : the journal of the European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Chants across seven traditions share acoustic traits that enhance subjective relaxation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Music Therapy with Preterm Infants and Their Families after Hospital Discharge: An Integrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Universal interpretations of vocal music.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Children infer the behavioral contexts of unfamiliar foreign songs.Journal of experimental psychology. General · 2023
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Musicality in human vocal communication: an evolutionary perspective.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Constance M Bainbridge *Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. cbainbridge@g.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3960-2845
Mila Bertolo *Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. mila_bertolo@g.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3931-2293
Julie YoungersDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
S AtwoodDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2889-9575
Lidya YurdumDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3693-4783
Jan SimsonDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9406-7761
Kelsie LopezDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4046-4649
Feng XingDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Alia MartinSchool of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4724-8217
Samuel A MehrDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. sam@wjh.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9400-7718

Funding

Psychological functions of music in infancyDP5OD024566 · OD · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI MEHR, SAMUEL A · 2017 to 2021
$2.2M
NIH HHS DP5 OD024566U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) DP5OD024566
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Music is characterized by acoustic forms that are predictive of its behavioural functions. For example, adult listeners accurately identify unfamiliar lullabies as infant-directed on the basis of their musical features alone. This property could reflect a function of listeners' experiences, the basic design of the human mind, or both. Here, we show that US infants (N = 144) relax in response to eight unfamiliar foreign lullabies, relative to matched non-lullaby songs from other foreign societies, as indexed by heart rate, pupillometry and electrodermal activity. They do so consistently throughout the first year of life, suggesting that the response is not a function of their musical experiences, which are limited relative to those of adults. The infants' parents overwhelmingly chose lullabies as the songs that they would use to calm their fussy infant, despite their unfamiliarity. Together, these findings suggest that infants may be predisposed to respond to common features of lullabies found in different cultures.

Indexed as

Psychology, ChildFemaleGalvanic Skin ResponseHeart RateHumansInfantMaleMusicReflex, PupillaryRelaxation

Identifiers

PMID33077883
PMCPMC8220405

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.