ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
Gut Microbiota as a Trigger for Metabolic Inflammation in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 412 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Very Low-calorie Diet Versus Bariatric Surgery on Body Composition and Gut Microbiota Pattern in Obese Patients
PRIN "SIDERALE": Susceptibility to Infectious Diseases in obEsity: an endocRine trAnslational socioLogic Evaluation
Who cites it
412 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 623 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Global bibliometric analysis of traditional Chinese medicine regulating gut microbiota in the treatment of diabetes from 2004 to 2024.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Causal Relationships Between Gut Microbiota, Inflammatory Cells/Proteins, and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Multi-omics Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study and Meta-analysis.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Pooled it
- The Influence of Daily Honey-Sweetened Yogurt Intake on Outcomes of Low-Grade Inflammation and Microbial Metabolites in Postmenopausal Women.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- Effect of probiotics derivatives (postbiotics and metabiotics) on glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial (DELI_Diab study).Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Trial
- Suboptimal vitamin D status and overweight/obesity are associated with gut integrity and inflammation in minority children and adolescents: A cross-sectional analysis from the MetA-bone trial.Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Microbiome-based therapeutics forGut microbes · 2026Review
- The cervicovaginal gut microbiota axis as a key determinant of systemic physiology.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome through the lens of gut‑derived uremic toxins.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Dietary Bioactive Compounds: Cellular Sensory Pathways, Microbial Partners, and Clinical Realities.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Immunometabolism in Obesity-Associated Type 2 Diabetes: Molecular Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Targets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- From metabolites to membrane vesicles: Unifying gut microbial signals in obesity, t2dm, and MASLD.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Combined Short-Chain Fatty Acids Induce an Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Chemotactic Secretory Profile from 3T3-L1 Adipocytes in Normoxic and Hypoxic Environmental Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Metabolically induced intestinal inflammation: the role of ER stress and autophagy in a porcine model of diabetes.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Article
- Exploratory metabolomic profiling reveals metabolic alterations potentially associated with pain and blood pressure regulation in a high-sugar diet rat model.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Review
- Cohort Profile Update: The Finnish Gestational Diabetes (FinnGeDi) study.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Body mass index and gastrointestinal inflammation: Bio-molecular pathophysiology.World journal of gastrointestinal pathophysiology · 2026Review
- Gut microbiome composition and functional potential associate with incident type 2 diabetes in 4,685 adults from a Swedish prospective cohort.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
352 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been linked to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The underlying mechanisms as to how intestinal microbiota may contribute to T2D are only partly understood. It becomes progressively clear that T2D is characterized by a chronic state of low-grade inflammation, which has been linked to the development of insulin resistance. Here, we review the current evidence that intestinal microbiota, and the metabolites they produce, could drive the development of insulin resistance in obesity and T2D, possibly by initiating an inflammatory response. First, we will summarize major findings about immunological and gut microbial changes in these metabolic diseases. Next, we will give a detailed view on how gut microbial changes have been implicated in low-grade inflammation. Lastly, we will critically discuss clinical studies that focus on the interaction between gut microbiota and the immune system in metabolic disease. Overall, there is strong evidence that the tripartite interaction between gut microbiota, host immune system and metabolism is a critical partaker in the pathophysiology of obesity and T2D.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.