Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33179823›Full record

ArticlePediatric diabetes2021

Metformin treatment and gastrointestinal symptoms in youth: Findings from a large tertiary care referral center.

Abby G Meyers, Jennifer Hudson, Celeste K L Cravalho, Samantha T Matta, Alfredo Villalobos-Perez, Fran Cogen, Stephanie T Chung

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pediatric diabetes, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 27% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Abby G MeyersEndocrinology and Diabetes, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3297-194X
Jennifer HudsonNorthern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA.
Celeste K L CravalhoDiabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Samantha T MattaDiabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Alfredo Villalobos-PerezDiabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Fran CogenEndocrinology and Diabetes, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Stephanie T ChungDiabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
National Institutes of Health · USChildren's National · USNorthern Arizona University · US

Funding

Therapeutic targets in African-American youth with type 2 diabetesZIADK075133 · NIDDK · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES · PI CHUNG, STEPHANIE THERESE · 2016 to 2025
$5.8M
Intramural NIH HHS ZIA DK075133NICHD NIH HHS Division of Intramural ResearchNIDDK NIH HHS
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesMetformin is the only oral therapy for youth with type 2 diabetes, but up to 50% require additional agents within 2 years of diagnosis. Extended-release (XR) metformin formulations may improve adherence and tolerability-important mediators of treatment response-but data in youth is lacking. To evaluate rates of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in patients treated with metformin (SR and XR) and the change in GI symptoms after changes in metformin therapy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsRetrospective chart review of youth with Type 2 or prediabetes seen in a multidisciplinary clinic during 2016-2019.

resultsOf 488 eligible patients, 41.4% and 21.1% were taking metformin SR and XR respectively, with most (58%, n = 178/305) taking a total daily dose of ≥1500 mg/day. Those not on metformin tended to be younger, leaner, and had lower HbA1cs than those taking metformin, p < 0.05. Thirty percentage of patients described GI symptoms, most commonly, abdominal pain and diarrhea. There was no difference in GI symptoms in those on SR versus XR (18.3% vs. 14.6%, p = 0.41). Among patients who initiated metformin, rates of GI symptoms increased (13%-33%, p = 0.001, n = 99), while rates tended to decrease when metformin was discontinued (28%-12%, p = 0.076, n = 50). Rates of GI symptoms were unchanged among those that switched from SR to XR metformin (17% vs. 14%, p = 0.6, n = 58).

conclusionsGI symptoms are common in youth with type 2 diabetes taking metformin XR and SR. Adjuncts to mitigate GI symptoms in youth on metformin therapy are needed to improve quality of life and medication adherence.

Indexed as

AdolescentCross-Sectional StudiesDelayed-Action PreparationsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleGastrointestinal DiseasesHumansHypoglycemic AgentsMaleMedication AdherenceMetforminPrediabetic StatePrevalenceRetrospective StudiesTertiary Health CareDelayed-Action PreparationsHypoglycemic AgentsMetforminadverse effectsgastrointestinalmetforminpediatricstype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID33179823
PMCPMC10226371
OpenAlexW3105845571

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.