Trial reportJournal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association2021
A higher protein intake at breakfast and lunch is associated with a higher total daily protein intake in older adults: a post-hoc cross-sectional analysis of four randomised controlled trials.
Trial report in Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Postprandial plasma amino acid and appetite responses to a low protein breakfast supplemented with whey or pea protein in middle-to-older aged adults.European journal of nutrition · 2025Trial
- Effects of Culinary Spices on Liking and Consumption of Protein Rich Foods in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Trial
- A higher protein intake at breakfast and lunch is associated with a higher total daily protein intake in older adults: a post-hoc cross-sectional analysis of four randomised controlled trials.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2021Trial
- Malnutrition and Sarcopenia in Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders: Mechanisms, Assessment, and Management.Current gastroenterology reports · 2026Review
- Differences in Protein Quantity and Quality Across a Spectrum of Plant-Based Meals: Analysis of a Large National Dietary Survey.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- Nutritional adaptation to circadian misalignment: implications for musculoskeletal health in modern lifestyles.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- "Why would I need more?": How age shapes UK consumers' perceptions of dietary protein and responses to educational interventions.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Circadian nutrition and obesity: timing as a nutritional strategy.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Review
- A Retrospective Study: Do Hospital Menus Carry a Risk of Malnutrition?Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Protein and Aging: Practicalities and Practice.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Article
- Protein Intake and Its Association With Meal Patterns and Dietary Patterns in a Swedish Population of Older Adults.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2025Article
- Increasing Muscle Mass in Elders through Diet and Exercise: A Literature Review of Recent RCTs.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- The Acute Effects of Breakfast Drinks with Varying Protein and Energy Contents on Appetite and Free-Living Energy Intake in UK Older Adults.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA protein intake of 30-40 g per meal is suggested to maximally stimulate muscle protein synthesis in older adults and could therefore contribute to the prevention of sarcopenia. Protein intake at breakfast and lunch is often low and offers a great opportunity to improve daily protein intake. Protein, however, is known for its satiating effects. Therefore, we explored the association between the amount of protein intake at breakfast and lunch and total daily protein intake in older adults.
methodsProtein intake was assessed by a 3-day food record in 498 community dwelling older adults (≥55 years) participating different lifestyle interventions. Linear mixed model analysis was used to examine the association between protein intake at breakfast or lunch and total daily protein intake, adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, smoking status, study and total energy intake.
resultsAfter adjustment for potential confounders, a 10 g higher protein intake at breakfast was associated with a 3.2 g higher total daily protein intake (P = 0.008) for males and a 4.9 g (P < 0.001) higher total daily protein intake for females. A 10 g higher protein intake at lunch was associated with a 3.7 g higher total daily protein intake (P < 0.001) for males, and a 5.8 g higher total daily protein intake (P < 0.001) for females.
conclusionsA higher protein intake at breakfast and lunch is associated with a higher total daily protein intake in community dwelling older adults. Stimulating a higher protein intake at breakfast and lunch might represent a promising nutritional strategy to optimise the amount of protein per meal without compromising total daily protein intake.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.