Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33197224›Full record

ReviewAnnual review of physiology2021

Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Kidney and Cardiovascular Function.

Volker Vallon, Subodh Verma

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Annual review of physiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 299 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
299citing papers in PubMed, 10 pooled it
25.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

299 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 453 citations in OpenAlex.

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  11. Empagliflozin in STEMI Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Left Ventricular Recovery and Cardiovascular Outcomes.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2026
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239 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Volker VallonDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA; email: vvallon@ucsd.edu.
Subodh VermaDivision of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada; email: Subodh.verma@unityhealth.to.
St. Michael's Hospital · CAUniversity of California, San Diego · US

Funding

UAB-UCSD O'Brien Core Center for Acute Kidney Injury ResearchP30DK079337 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI AGARWAL, ANUPAM · 2008 to 2022
$18.3M
Glomerular and Tubular Function in the Diabetic KidneyR01DK112042 · NIDDK · VETERANS MEDICAL RESEARCH FDN/SAN DIEGO · PI SCOTT Culver THOMSON, Volker Vallon · 2017 to 2026
$4.1M
The Contribution of Kidney Disease to Age-Associated Cognitive DeclineRF1AG061296 · NIA · SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES · PI MAHER, PAMELA ANNE · 2019 to 2019
$3.2M
Role of tubuloglomerular feedback in the development of hypertension in diabetesR01HL142814 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA · PI LIU, RUISHENG · 2019 to 2022
$2.4M
Unraveling Kidney Physiology, Pathophysiology & Therapeutics: A Modeling ApproachR01DK106102 · NIDDK · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI LAYTON, ANITA · 2016 to 2019
$1.4M
REGULATION OF THE CILIATED CELL PROGRAM IN AIRWAY PROGENITORSR01HL119836 · NHLBI · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI CARDOSO, WELLINGTON V. · 2014 to 2016
$1.2M
CIHRNHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL119836NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL142814NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG061296NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK079337NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK106102NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK112042
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

SGLT2 inhibitors are antihyperglycemic drugs that protect kidneys and the heart of patients with or without type 2 diabetes and preserved or reduced kidney function from failing. The involved protective mechanisms include blood glucose-dependent and -independent mechanisms: SGLT2 inhibitors prevent both hyper- and hypoglycemia, with expectedly little net effect on HbA1C. Metabolic adaptations to induced urinary glucose loss include reduced fat mass and more ketone bodies as additional fuel. SGLT2 inhibitors lower glomerular capillary hypertension and hyperfiltration, thereby reducing the physical stress on the filtration barrier, albuminuria, and the oxygen demand for tubular reabsorption. This improves cortical oxygenation, which, together with lesser tubular gluco-toxicity, may preserve tubular function and glomerular filtration rate in the long term. SGLT2 inhibitors may mimic systemic hypoxia and stimulate erythropoiesis, which improves organ oxygen delivery. SGLT2 inhibitors are proximal tubule and osmotic diuretics that reduce volume retention and blood pressure and preserve heart function, potentially in part by overcoming the resistance to diuretics and atrial-natriuretic-peptide and inhibiting Na-H exchangers and sympathetic tone.

Indexed as

AnimalsCardiovascular SystemHumansKidney GlomerulusKidney Tubules, ProximalSodium-Glucose Transporter 2Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitorschronic kidney diseasediabetic nephropathyheart failureHFpEFHFrEFSGLT2 inhibitor

Identifiers

PMID33197224
PMCPMC8017904
OpenAlexW3104353694

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.