Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33206469›Full record

Observational studyJournal of diabetes investigation2021

Cardiovascular events and mortality in people with and without type 2 diabetes: An observational study in a contemporary multi-ethnic population.

Briana Coles, Francesco Zaccardi, Suping Ling, Melanie J Davies, Nilesh J Samani, Kamlesh Khunti

Open access · goldAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Journal of diabetes investigation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Observational
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2022
    Article
  17. Observational
  18. Article
  19. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Briana ColesLeicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Center, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-8818
Francesco ZaccardiLeicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Center, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Suping LingLeicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Center, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Melanie J DaviesNational Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Center, Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester, UK.
Nilesh J SamaniDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Center, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Kamlesh KhuntiNational Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration - East Midlands, Leicester Diabetes Center, Leicester, UK.
University of Leicester · GBNational Institute for Health Research · GB

Funding

NIHR CLAHRC East MidlandsNIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

AIMS/

introductionThe aim of this study was to examine ethnicity-specific associations between type 2 diabetes mellitus and the risk of a cardiovascular disease (CVD) event as well as risk of specific CVD phenotypes in England.

methodsWe obtained data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink for adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed 2000-2006. The outcome was the first CVD event during 2007-2017 and the following components: aortic aneurysm, cerebrovascular accidents, heart failure, myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease and other CVD-related conditions. Flexible parametric survival models were used to estimate ethnicity-specific adjusted hazard ratios.

resultsA total of 734,543 people with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (29,847; 4.1%) were included; most were of white ethnicity (93.0% with and 92.3% without type 2 diabetes mellitus) followed by South Asian (3.2 and 4.6%). During a median follow-up period of 11.0 years, 67,218 events occurred (6,156 in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus). Type 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with a small increase in CVD events (adjusted hazard ratio 1.06, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.09) in individuals of white ethnicity; whereas the adjusted hazard ratios were considerably higher in individuals of South Asian ethnicity (1.28, 95% confidence interval 1.09-1.51), primarily due to an increased risk of myocardial infarction (1.53, 95% confidence interval 1.08-2.18).

conclusionsDespite universal access to healthcare, there are large disparities in CVD outcomes in people with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Other non-traditional risk factors might play a role in the higher CVD risk associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in individuals of South Asian ethnicity.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAsian PeopleAsia, SoutheasternBlack PeopleCardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2EnglandEthnicityFemaleHealth Status DisparitiesHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansMaleMiddle AgedPhenotypeEthnic groupsRisk factorsType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID33206469
PMCPMC8264396
OpenAlexW3104793145

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.