Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33226570›Full record

ArticleIndian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology2021

Prevalence, overlap, and risk factors for Rome IV functional gastrointestinal disorders among college students in northern India.

Omesh Goyal, Sahil Nohria, Armaan Singh Dhaliwal, Prerna Goyal, Ravinder Kumar Soni, Rajoo Singh Chhina, Ajit Sood

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In one paragraph

Article in Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
6.1field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Guideline
  2. Anxiety and depression in Indian patients with irritable bowel syndrome: A meta-analysis.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2023
    Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. What is new in Rome V?: Redefining diagnostic criteria and clinical pathways in disorders of gut-brain interaction.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. The road to Rome IV and beyond: Evolution, refinements and future considerations for the Rome criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2025
    Review
  11. Overlap of 'disorders of gut-brain interaction' and their impact on quality of life and somatization in a tertiary care center- A cross-sectional study.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2025
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Functional Constipation in Children.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2025
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Omesh GoyalDepartment of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, 141 001, India. goyalomesh@yahoo.co.in.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6347-0988
Sahil NohriaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, 141 001, India.
Armaan Singh DhaliwalDepartment of Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, 141 001, India.
Prerna GoyalDepartment of Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, 141 001, India.
Ravinder Kumar SoniDepartment of Community Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, 141 001, India.
Rajoo Singh ChhinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, 141 001, India.
Ajit SoodDepartment of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, 141 001, India.
Dayanand Medical College & Hospital · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

background/purposeThere is scarcity of data on prevalence, overlap, and risk factors for functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) by Rome IV criteria. We evaluated these factors among medical, nursing, and humanities students.

methodsRome IV Diagnostic Questionnaire (for all FGIDs), Rome III questionnaire (for irritable bowel syndrome [IBS], functional diarrhea [FDr], and functional constipation [FC]), and questionnaires assessing demography, physical activity, anxiety, and depression were used.

resultsA total of 1309 college students were included (medical 425, nursing 390, humanities 494; mean age 20.5 ± 2.1 years; 36.5% males). Prevalence of Rome IV FGIDs was 26.9% (n = 352), significantly higher among females compared with males (32.3% vs. 17.6%; p < 0.001) and significantly higher among medical (34.4%) and nursing students (29.2%) compared with humanities students (18.6%) (p < 0.05). Most common FGIDs were functional dyspepsia (FD) (15.2%), IBS (6.2%), reflux hypersensitivity (3.5%), FDr (2.9%), FC (2.1%), and unspecified functional bowel disorder (2.1%). FGID overlap was present in 9.3%, most common being FD-IBS overlap (4.4%). With Rome III criteria, prevalence of IBS was higher (9.5%), while that of FDr (0.92%) and of FC (1.3%) were lower. On multivariate analysis, independent predictors for FGIDs were female gender, medical student, non-vegetarian diet, junk food, tea/coffee, poor physical activity, anxiety, and insomnia.

conclusionRome IV FGIDs were present among one-fourth of college students with preponderance among females and medical students. FD, IBS, and reflux hypersensitivity were the most common FGIDs. Rome IV criteria led to a reduction in IBS prevalence and increase in FDr and FC prevalence. Dietary factors, physical activity, anxiety, and insomnia affected FGID prevalence.

Indexed as

DyspepsiaGastrointestinal DiseasesIrritable Bowel SyndromeAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansIndiaMalePrevalenceRisk FactorsRomeStudentsSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultAnxietyBloatingConstipationDiarrheaDietDyspepsiaIrritable bowel syndromeJunk foodMedicalNauseaNon-vegetarianPhysical activityReflux hypersensitivityVomiting

Identifiers

PMID33226570
OpenAlexW3109981356

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.