ArticleNucleic acids research2021
The STRING database in 2021: customizable protein-protein networks, and functional characterization of user-uploaded gene/measurement sets.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 4,560 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4,560 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Protein-protein interactions reveal key genes in rice response to salt stress: a meta-analysis.Biologia futura · 2026Pooled it
- Association of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism with Increased Susceptibility to Vasculitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2026Pooled it
- Tart cherry intake and serum uric acid: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and evidence from network pharmacology.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Proteomic analysis may explain differences inPlant signaling & behavior · 2026Article
- Integrative post-GWAS analysis prioritizes immune regulatory pathways and candidate effector signals in systemic lupus erythematosus.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2026Article
- Exploring the Mechanism of Zhigancao Decoction in the Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure via Modulation of Oxidative Stress.Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM · 2026Article
- Identification of cancer-associated fibroblast biomarkers in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- EML4-ALK fusion rewires transcriptomic, miRNA, and CAF-associated programs in non-small cell lung cancer.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
- Single-cell profiling and genetic regulation of alternative polyadenylation in the human brain.Nature genetics · 2026Article
- A multi-region transcriptomic framework reveals global and region-specific ubiquitin-proteasome system biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Article
- Disentangling Heterogeneous Molecular Networks for Multi-Omics-Driven Cancer Driver Discovery.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Integrative analysis of cadmium exposure and osteoarthritis: from population evidence to molecular mechanisms.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Multi-omics characterization of chronic social defeat stress recall-activated nuclei in Arc-GFP mice.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Integrative bioinformatics and machine learning reveal hub genes and immune signatures bridging type 2 diabetes mellitus, fracture susceptibility, and osteoblast differentiation dysfunction.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2026Article
- Targeted Chemical Monitoring and Integrated Preclinical Evaluation of Zishui Qinggan Yin in 4-NQO-Induced Esophageal Precancer: Histopathological and PI3K/AKT/mTOR-Associated Changes.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- GLM-Prior: a genomic language model for transferable sequence-derived priors in gene regulatory network inference.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Multimodal Artificial Intelligence in Lung Cancer: From Data Integration to Precision Oncology.Cancers · 2026Review
- Cryopreservation of Human Spermatozoa Using Penetrating Cryoprotectant-Free Vitrification Medium Exhibits an Altered Proteomic Profile Compared to the Conventional Rapid Freezing Method.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Article
- Progressive hypothalamic neuroinflammation in ovariectomized mice parallels aging-related transcriptomic changes in the female human hypothalamus.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Systemically delivered mRNA-LNPs transfect primary and secondary liver tumors.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
4,500 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cellular life depends on a complex web of functional associations between biomolecules. Among these associations, protein-protein interactions are particularly important due to their versatility, specificity and adaptability. The STRING database aims to integrate all known and predicted associations between proteins, including both physical interactions as well as functional associations. To achieve this, STRING collects and scores evidence from a number of sources: (i) automated text mining of the scientific literature, (ii) databases of interaction experiments and annotated complexes/pathways, (iii) computational interaction predictions from co-expression and from conserved genomic context and (iv) systematic transfers of interaction evidence from one organism to another. STRING aims for wide coverage; the upcoming version 11.5 of the resource will contain more than 14 000 organisms. In this update paper, we describe changes to the text-mining system, a new scoring-mode for physical interactions, as well as extensive user interface features for customizing, extending and sharing protein networks. In addition, we describe how to query STRING with genome-wide, experimental data, including the automated detection of enriched functionalities and potential biases in the user's query data. The STRING resource is available online, at https://string-db.org/.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.