ArticleESC heart failure2021
Impact of sex differences in co-morbidities and medication adherence on outcome in 25 776 heart failure patients.
Article in ESC heart failure, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The Role of Depression on Treatment Adherence in Patients with Heart Failure-a Systematic Review of the Literature.Current cardiology reports · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- [Sex and gender-specific aspects in prediabetes and diabetes mellitus - Clinical recommendations (Update 2026)].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Review
- Medication reminder use and medication adherence among patients with chronic conditions in a Malaysian teaching hospital.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Prognostic Value of the NT-proBNP-to-Albumin Ratio (NTAR) for In-Hospital Mortality in Chronic Heart Failure Patients.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Sex-Related Differences in Immunotherapy Toxicities: Insights into Dimorphic Responses.Cancers · 2025Review
- Sex differences in clinical characteristics and long-term clinical outcomes in Asian hospitalized heart failure patients.ESC heart failure · 2024Article
- Sex Differences in Cardiac and Clinical Phenotypes and Their Relation to Outcomes in Patients with Heart Failure.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Impact of adherence to guideline-directed therapy on risk of death in HF patients across an ejection fraction spectrum.ESC heart failure · 2023Article
- Gender-Related Factors in Medication Adherence for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health.Metabolites · 2023Review
- The association between comorbidities and self-care of heart failure: a cross-sectional study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2023Article
- [Sex and gender-specific aspects in prediabetes and diabetes mellitus-clinical recommendations (Update 2023)].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2023Article
- Understanding reasons and factors for participation and non-participation to a medication adherence program for patients with diabetic kidney disease in Switzerland: a mixed methods study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2022Article
- Sex related differences in the characteristics and outcomes of heart failure: A sub analysis of heart failure disease management study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Aging Impairs Reverse Remodeling and Recovery of Ventricular Function after Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiomyopathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Prediction of long-term hospitalisation and all-cause mortality in patients with chronic heart failure on Dutch claims data: a machine learning approach.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2021Article
- Impact of sex differences in co-morbidities and medication adherence on outcome in 25 776 heart failure patients.ESC heart failure · 2021Article
- Sex and Heart Failure Treatment Prescription and Adherence.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsHealth insurance claims (HIC) databases in the Netherlands capture unselected patient populations, which makes them suitable for epidemiological research on sex differences. Based on a HIC database, we aimed to reveal sex differences in heart failure (HF) outcomes, with particular focus on co-morbidities and medication. METHODS AND
resultsThe Achmea HIC database included 14 517 men and 11 259 (45%) women with a diagnosis treatment code for chronic HF by January 2015. We related their sex, co-morbidities, and medication adherence (medication possession rate >0.8) with the primary endpoint (PE) of all-cause mortality or HF admission during a median follow-up of 3.3 years, using Cox regression. Median age of men and women was 72 and 76 years, respectively. Prevalence of co-morbidities and use of disease-modifying drugs was higher in men; however, medication adherence was similar. At the end of follow-up, 35.1% men and 31.8% women had reached the PE. The adjusted hazard ratio for men was 1.25 (95% confidence interval: 1.19-1.30). A broad range of co-morbidities was associated with the PE. Overall, these associations were stronger in women than in men, particularly for renal insufficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/asthma, and diabetes. Non-adherence to disease-modifying drugs was related with a higher incidence of the PE, with similar effects between sexes.
conclusionsIn a representative sample of the Dutch population, as captured in a HIC database, men with chronic HF had a 25% higher incidence of death or HF admission than women. The impact of co-morbidities on the outcome was sex dependent, while medication adherence was not.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.