Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33255237›Full record

ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2020

Peripheral Markers of Depression.

Aleksander Nobis, Daniel Zalewski, Napoleon Waszkiewicz

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07757815 (Multimodal Biomarkers and Robot-Guided Precision TMS for Early Detection and Treatment of Postpartum Depression), which is not on this map. Cited by 105 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
105citing papers in PubMed
6.5field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07757815 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Multimodal Biomarkers and Robot-Guided Precision TMS for Early Detection and Treatment of Postpartum Depression

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of MacauRan2026 to 2031Enrolled290ConditionsDepression, PostpartumArmsRepetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

105 citing papers in PubMed, 189 citations in OpenAlex.

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  18. Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Aleksander NobisDepartment of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, pl. Brodowicza 1, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-0810-6622
Daniel ZalewskiDepartment of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, pl. Brodowicza 1, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-3014-3139
Napoleon WaszkiewiczDepartment of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, pl. Brodowicza 1, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-7021-5133
Medical University of Białystok · PL

Funding

Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku SUB/1/DN/20/002/1147
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, creating a high medical and socioeconomic burden. There is a growing interest in the biological underpinnings of depression, which are reflected by altered levels of biological markers. Among others, enhanced inflammation has been reported in MDD, as reflected by increased concentrations of inflammatory markers-C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and soluble interleukin-2 receptor. Oxidative and nitrosative stress also plays a role in the pathophysiology of MDD. Notably, increased levels of lipid peroxidation markers are characteristic of MDD. Dysregulation of the stress axis, along with increased cortisol levels, have also been reported in MDD. Alterations in growth factors, with a significant decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and an increase in fibroblast growth factor-2 and insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations have also been found in MDD. Finally, kynurenine metabolites, increased glutamate and decreased total cholesterol also hold promise as reliable biomarkers for MDD. Research in the field of MDD biomarkers is hindered by insufficient understanding of MDD etiopathogenesis, substantial heterogeneity of the disorder, common co-morbidities and low specificity of biomarkers. The construction of biomarker panels and their evaluation with use of new technologies may have the potential to overcome the above mentioned obstacles.

Indexed as

atypicalbiomarkersbrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)depressioninflammatoryinterleukinsmelancholicoxidative stresspanels

Identifiers

PMID33255237
PMCPMC7760788
OpenAlexW3109252124

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.