Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33260799›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2020

Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy: A Progressive Consequence of Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes and Related Metabolic Disorders.

Nour-Mounira Z Bakkar, Haneen S Dwaib, Souha Fares, Ali H Eid, Yusra Al-Dhaheri, Ahmed F El-Yazbi

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.0field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. The effects of aerobic exercise combined with resistance training on inflammatory factors and heart rate variability in middle-aged and elderly women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc · 2022
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  15. Chemical Composition and Biological Activities ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.

Nour-Mounira Z BakkarDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh 1107 2020, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon.ORCID 0000-0002-6403-9348
Haneen S DwaibDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh 1107 2020, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon.ORCID 0000-0002-2514-2617
Souha FaresRafic Hariri School of Nursing, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh 1107 2020, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon.
Ali H EidDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh 1107 2020, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon.ORCID 0000-0003-3004-5675
Yusra Al-DhaheriDepartment of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, UAE.
Ahmed F El-YazbiDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh 1107 2020, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon.ORCID 0000-0003-3432-3038
American University of Beirut · LBAlexandria University · EGQatar University · QAUnited Arab Emirates University · AE

Funding

AUB MPP 320148
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is one of the earliest complications of type 2 diabetes (T2D), presenting a silent cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recent research relates the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in T2D to an ensuing chronic, low-grade proinflammatory and pro-oxidative environment, being the hallmark of the metabolic syndrome. Metabolic inflammation emerges as adipose tissue inflammatory changes extending systemically, on the advent of hyperglycemia, to reach central regions of the brain. In light of changes in glucose and insulin homeostasis, dysbiosis or alteration of the gut microbiome (GM) emerges, further contributing to inflammatory processes through increased gut and blood-brain barrier permeability. Interestingly, studies reveal that the determinants of oxidative stress and inflammation progression exist at the crossroad of CAN manifestations, dictating their evolution along the natural course of T2D development. Indeed, sympathetic and parasympathetic deterioration was shown to correlate with markers of adipose, vascular, and systemic inflammation. Additionally, evidence points out that dysbiosis could promote a sympatho-excitatory state through differentially affecting the secretion of hormones and neuromodulators, such as norepinephrine, serotonin, and γ-aminobutyric acid, and acting along the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis. Emerging neuronal inflammation and concomitant autophagic defects in brainstem nuclei were described as possible underlying mechanisms of CAN in experimental models of metabolic syndrome and T2D. Drugs with anti-inflammatory characteristics provide potential avenues for targeting pathways involved in CAN initiation and progression. The aim of this review is to delineate the etiology of CAN in the context of a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated oxidative and inflammatory load.

Indexed as

AnimalsAutonomic Nervous SystemCardiovascular DiseasesChronic DiseaseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Heart RateHumansInflammationMetabolic Diseasescardiac autonomic neuropathyinflammationreactive oxygen speciestype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID33260799
PMCPMC7730941
OpenAlexW3110541139

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.