ArticleSurgery2021
Effect of bacterial contamination in bile on pancreatic cancer cell survival.
Article in Surgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbiome Diversity in Pancreatic Surgery: Associations with Preoperative Stenting and Postoperative Outcomes.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Pancreatic Cancer in the Holobiont and Therapeutic Targets: A Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Intratumoral microbiome and pancreatic cancer: an enabling hallmark and path to novel treatments?British journal of cancer · 2026Review
- Bile Bacterial Colonization Increases Risk of Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula and Worsens Overall Survival Following Pancreatoduodenectomy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Impact of biliary fungal contamination on outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Biliary stents can modify the microbiota and promote the progression of pancreatic cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Dysbiosis-NK Cell Crosstalk in Pancreatic Cancer: Toward a Unified Biomarker Signature for Improved Clinical Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Biliary microbiota in disease-free, obstructive and post-drainage biliary tracts.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- [Microbiome and Biliary Tract Cancer].The Korean journal of gastroenterology = Taehan Sohwagi Hakhoe chi · 2024Review
- Bile Microbiome Signatures Associated with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Compared to Benign Disease: A UK Pilot Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Farnesoid X receptor activation inhibits pancreatic carcinogenesis.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · 2023Article
- Review
- Review
- Discovery of BAR502, as potent steroidal antagonist of leukemia inhibitory factor receptor for the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Bibliometric analysis of global research trends between gut microbiota and pancreatic cancer: from 2004 to 2023.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Microbiota in the Natural History of Pancreatic Cancer: From Predisposition to Therapy.Cancers · 2022Review
- Impact of microbiota-immunity axis in pancreatic cancer management.World journal of gastroenterology · 2022Review
- A high bile acid environment promotes apoptosis and inhibits migration in pancreatic cancer.Bioengineered · 2022Article
- A Comprehensive Review of the Current and Future Role of the Microbiome in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.Cancers · 2022Review
- Potential Roles of the Gut Microbiota in Pancreatic Carcinogenesis and Therapeutics.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIntroduction of gut flora into the biliary system is common owing to biliary stenting in patients with obstructing pancreatic head cancer. We hypothesize that alteration of biliary microbiome modifies bile content that modulates pancreatic cancer cell survival.
methodsHuman bile samples were collected during pancreaticoduodenectomy. Bacterial strains were isolated from contaminated (stented) bile and identified using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Human pancreatic cancer cells (AsPC1, CFPAC, Panc1) were treated for 24 hours with sterile (nonstented) bile, contaminated (stented) bile, and sterile bile preincubated with 10
resultsWhile all bile samples significantly reduced peritoneal metastasis of Panc02 cells in mice, some contaminated bile samples had diminished antitumor effect. All sterile bile (n = 4) reduced pancreatic cancer cell survival in vitro. Only 40% (2/5) of contaminated bile samples had significant effect. Preincubation of sterile bile with live Enterococcus faecalis or Streptococcus oralis modified the antitumor effect of sterile bile. These changes were not observed with culture media preincubated with live bacteria, suggesting live gut bacteria can modify the antitumor components present in bile. Conjugated bile acids were more potent than unconjugated cholic acid in reducing pancreatic cancer cell survival.
conclusionAlteration of bile microbiome from biliary stenting has a direct impact on pancreatic cancer cell survival. Further study is warranted to determine if this microbiome shift alters tumor microenvironment.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.