SynthesisBMJ open2020
Epidemiology of depressive disorders in people living with hypertension in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A review of the 257 meta-analyses of the differences between females and males in prevalence and risk, protective factors, and treatment outcomes for mental disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Philippine Clinical Practice Guidelines for Periodic Health Examination: Screening for Mental Health and Addiction.Acta medica Philippina · 2026Article
- Comorbidity Between Mood Disorders and Chronic Somatic Diseases, With a Focus on Cardiometabolic Disease, and Its Mechanistic Crosstalk.Depression and anxiety · 2026Review
- The Overlooked Driver of Hypertension: Mental Stress at the Crossroad of Cardiology and Psychiatry.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2025Review
- U-shaped association between average daily sleep duration and depression among individuals with hypertension: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2017-2020.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Antidepressant-like effects of the aqueous lyophilizate of the stems and leaves ofIBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with depression and suicidal ideation among people with diabetes mellitus and hypertension in Uganda.African health sciences · 2024Article
- Perceptions of healthcare workers on linkage between depression and hypertension in northern Ghana: a qualitative study.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2024Article
- Effects of discontinuation of antihypertensive drugs on frailty syndrome in outpatients: a 1-year prospectively designed retrospective chart-review pilot study.The Journal of international medical research · 2022Article
- Depression and anxiety among people with hypertension on follow-up in Eastern Ethiopia: A multi-center cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Depressive disorders in older Chinese adults with essential hypertension: A classification tree analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- The Association of Cardiometabolic Disease with Psychological Factors in Colombian People during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Sociodemographic and Behavioral Factors Associated With Hypertension and Depression in 4 Rural Communities in Northern Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of primary care & community healthArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesBetter knowledge of epidemiology of depressive disorders in people living with hypertension can help to implement pertinent strategies to address its burden. The objective was to estimate the prevalence of depressive disorders and symptoms in people living with hypertension in Africa.
designSystematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, EMBASE, African Index Medicus, African Journals OnLine were searched up to 31 January 2020, regardless of the language of publication. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: We included studies conducted among adult patients with hypertension (≥18 years) living in Africa and reporting the prevalence of depressive disorders and symptoms. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two independent investigators selected studies, extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of included studies by using the tools developed by Joanna Briggs Institute. Multivariate random-effects meta-analysis served to pool data by considering the variability between diagnostic tools used to identify patients with depressive disorders or symptoms.
resultsWe included 11 studies with 5299 adults with hypertension. Data were collected between 2002 and 2017, from South Africa, Nigeria, Ghana, Ethiopia and Burkina Faso. The mean age varied between 50.3 years and 59.6 years. The proportion of men ranged from 28% to 54%. The adjusted prevalence of depressive disorders taking into account the variance between diagnostic tools was 17.9% (95% CI 13.0% to 23.4%). The prevalence of depressive symptoms and major depressive symptoms was 33.3% (95% CI 9.9% to 61.6%) and 7.8% (95% CI 3.0% to 14.5%), respectively. There was heterogeneity attributable to the diagnostic tools for depressive disorders and symptoms. There was no publication bias.
conclusionNotwithstanding the representativeness lack of some (sub) regions of Africa, weakening the generalisability of findings to the entire region; depressive disorders and symptoms are prevalent in people living with hypertension in Africa, indicating that strategies from clinicians, researchers and public health makers are needed to reduce its burden in the region.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.