ReviewEndocrine reviews2021
Revisiting the Complexity of GLP-1 Action from Sites of Synthesis to Receptor Activation.
Review in Endocrine reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 157 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
157 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 259 citations in OpenAlex.
- GLP-1 receptor agonists and pancreatic beta cell apoptosis in diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of liraglutide for weight management in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.European journal of pediatrics · 2023Pooled it
- Use of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Occurrence of Thyroid Disorders: a Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Liraglutide and Colesevelam Change Serum and Fecal Bile Acid Levels in a Randomized Trial With Patients With Bile Acid Diarrhea.Clinical and translational gastroenterology · 2024Trial
- Increased circulating butyrate and ursodeoxycholate during probiotic intervention in humans with type 2 diabetes.BMC microbiology · 2022Trial
- The Role and Mechanism of Incretins in Gynaecologic Diseases.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Review
- Comparative Efficacy of Promising Targets in the Treatment of Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Steatohepatitis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2026Article
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Translational Perspective on Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- A clinical and experimental investigation of liraglutide effects on the brain-kidney axis.Science advances · 2026Article
- Sirtuins as Molecular Mediators of Caloric Restriction in the Pancreas: Implications for β-Cell Function, Metabolism, and Longevity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The evolving landscape of obesity pharmacotherapy.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Adjunctive Dulaglutide in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Open-Label Proof-of-Concept Trial.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota in health and disease.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Biologics for cardiovascular diseases: from bench to bedside.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- The complexity of pain in osteoarthritis.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Prediabetes in children and adolescents: what do we need to know?Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism · 2026Article
- Tirzepatide retention in iWAT with mesoporous polydopamine encapsulation enhances weight loss through leptin receptor signaling.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Exendin-4 averts all-trans-retinal-driven damage to photoreceptors and the retina via the GLP-1R/PKA/CREB1 signaling axis.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Article
- Semaglutide reduces murine blood pressure through the vascular smooth muscle GLP-1 receptor.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Gut microbe-derivedProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
97 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is produced in gut endocrine cells and in the brain, and acts through hormonal and neural pathways to regulate islet function, satiety, and gut motility, supporting development of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. Classic notions of GLP-1 acting as a meal-stimulated hormone from the distal gut are challenged by data supporting production of GLP-1 in the endocrine pancreas, and by the importance of brain-derived GLP-1 in the control of neural activity. Moreover, attribution of direct vs indirect actions of GLP-1 is difficult, as many tissue and cellular targets of GLP-1 action do not exhibit robust or detectable GLP-1R expression. Furthermore, reliable detection of the GLP-1R is technically challenging, highly method dependent, and subject to misinterpretation. Here we revisit the actions of GLP-1, scrutinizing key concepts supporting gut vs extra-intestinal GLP-1 synthesis and secretion. We discuss new insights refining cellular localization of GLP-1R expression and integrate recent data to refine our understanding of how and where GLP-1 acts to control inflammation, cardiovascular function, islet hormone secretion, gastric emptying, appetite, and body weight. These findings update our knowledge of cell types and mechanisms linking endogenous vs pharmacological GLP-1 action to activation of the canonical GLP-1R, and the control of metabolic activity in multiple organs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.