ReviewMicroorganisms2020
Retroviral Restriction Factors and Their Viral Targets: Restriction Strategies and Evolutionary Adaptations.
Review in Microorganisms, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Study of retroviral restrictions in a Tadarida bat cell line enlightens specific early blocks and TRIM5 locus multiplication.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Article
- Fitness Landscapes of APOBEC3G Antagonism by HIV-1 Vif proteins.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Probing the molecular determinants of Ty1 retrotransposon restriction specificity in yeast.PLoS genetics · 2025Article
- Endogenous Retroviruses in Host-Virus Coevolution: From Genomic Domestication to Functional Innovation.Genes · 2025Review
- Intact, recombinant, and spliced forms of endogenous mouse mammary tumor viruses in inbred and wild mice.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- APOBEC3-Related Editing and Non-Editing Determinants of HIV-1 and HTLV-1 Restriction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- HIV-1 Vpr Functions in Primary CD4Viruses · 2024Review
- Review
- The cyclophilin A-binding loop of the capsid regulates the human TRIM5α sensitivity of nonpandemic HIV-1.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- MiR-155 Negatively Regulates Anti-Viral Innate Responses among HIV-Infected Progressors.Viruses · 2023Article
- Exploring the presence of bovine leukemia virus among breast cancer tumors in a rural state.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2023Article
- HIV-1 restriction by SERINC5.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2023Review
- Milk exosomes elicit a potent anti-viral activity against dengue virus.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2022Article
- Recurrent evolution of an inhibitor of ESCRT-dependent virus budding and LINE-1 retrotransposition in primates.Current biology : CB · 2022Article
- Silent codon positions in the A-rich HIV RNA genome that do not easily become A: Restrictions imposed by the RNA sequence and structure.Virus evolution · 2022Article
- Inhibition of IRGM establishes a robust antiviral immune state to restrict pathogenic viruses.EMBO reports · 2021Article
- Patterns of Coevolutionary Adaptations across Time and Space in Mouse Gammaretroviruses and Three Restrictive Host Factors.Viruses · 2021Article
- Cytomegalovirus immediate-early 1 proteins form a structurally distinct protein class with adaptations determining cross-species barriers.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The evolutionary conflict between retroviruses and their vertebrate hosts over millions of years has led to the emergence of cellular innate immune proteins termed restriction factors as well as their viral antagonists. Evidence accumulated in the last two decades has substantially increased our understanding of the elaborate mechanisms utilized by these restriction factors to inhibit retroviral replication, mechanisms that either directly block viral proteins or interfere with the cellular pathways hijacked by the viruses. Analyses of these complex interactions describe patterns of accelerated evolution for these restriction factors as well as the acquisition and evolution of their virus-encoded antagonists. Evidence is also mounting that many restriction factors identified for their inhibition of specific retroviruses have broader antiviral activity against additional retroviruses as well as against other viruses, and that exposure to these multiple virus challenges has shaped their adaptive evolution. In this review, we provide an overview of the restriction factors that interfere with different steps of the retroviral life cycle, describing their mechanisms of action, adaptive evolution, viral targets and the viral antagonists that evolved to counter these factors.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.