ReviewFrontiers in oncology2020
Lactate Metabolism and Immune Modulation in Breast Cancer: A Focused Review on Triple Negative Breast Tumors.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting Ferroptosis as the Achilles' Heel of Breast Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities from a Comprehensive Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Adipogenesis biomarkers as the independent predictive factors for breast cancer recurrence: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2024Pooled it
- Secretory autophagy mediates SLC16A3/MCT4-dependent lactate secretion to drive metastatic progression in triple-negative breast cancer.Autophagy · 2026Article
- Lactate, a Spearhead of Cancer Aggressiveness: Metabolic Reprogramming, Immune Suppression, and Metastatic Progression.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2026Review
- Circadian clock control of breast cancer hallmarks: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- A Lamp2a-linked RNA secreted by ADSCs prevents ENO1-lactylation-glycolysis feedback and cell malignant behavior in triple-negative breast cancer.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Emerging Protein Targets in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Beyond Conventional Therapy.Cancers · 2026Review
- Beyond metabolism: exploring the regulatory and therapeutic implications of lactate and lactylation in cancer-regulated cell death.Cell death & disease · 2026Review
- Metabolic reprogramming and plasticity of cancer stem cells.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Dual Biological Effects and Mechanisms of Gut Microbiota in Breast Cancer: A Review.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial biology and immune crosstalk in breast cancer: therapeutic opportunities and challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Cell competition within breast tumor microenvironment: emerging role of cancer stem cells and immune cells in tumor progression and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Inhibition of DDX3 modulates immune signaling in aggressive breast cancers.Cancer letters · 2025Article
- Interactions among tumor subtype, PPARγ expression, and adipose proliferation shape outcomes in breast cancer.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Lactate and lactylation in breast cancer: current understanding and therapeutic opportunities.Cancer biology & medicine · 2025Review
- USP6NL knockdown suppresses colorectal cancer progression by inducing CASP9-Mediated apoptosis and disrupting FOXC2/SNAI1-Driven EMT and angiogenesis.Functional & integrative genomics · 2025Article
- SCNN1A expression in triple-negative breast cancer: clinical implications for prognosis and neoadjuvant therapy response.World journal of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Reprogramming the breast tumor immune microenvironment: cold-to-hot transition for enhanced immunotherapy.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- Immunological profile of lactate metabolism-related genes in Psoriasis a comprehensive analysis based on bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Identification of signaling networks associated with lactate modulation of macrophages and dendritic cells.Heliyon · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer associated with poor prognosis, early recurrence, and the lack of durable chemotherapy responses and specific targeted treatments. The recent FDA approval for immune checkpoint inhibition in combination with nab-paclitaxel for the treatment of metastatic TNBC created opportunity to advocate for immunotherapy in TNBC patients. However, improving the current low response rates is vital. Most cancers, including TNBC tumors, display metabolic plasticity and undergo reprogramming into highly glycolytic tumors through the Warburg effect. Consequently, accumulation of the metabolic byproduct lactate and extracellular acidification is often observed in several solid tumors, thereby exacerbating tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. In this review, we focus on the role of lactate acidosis in the microenvironment of glycolytic breast tumors as a major driver for immune evasion with a special emphasis on TNBCs. In particular, we will discuss the role of lactate regulators such as glucose transporters, lactate dehydrogenases, and lactate transporters in modulating immune functionality and checkpoint expression in numerous immune cell types. This review aims to spark discussion on interventions targeting lactate acidosis in combination with immunotherapy to provide an effective means of improving response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in TNBC, in addition to highlighting challenges that may arise from TNBC tumor heterogeneity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.