Evidence mapPaperPMID 33329402Full record

ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2020

From Inert Storage to Biological Activity-In Search of Identity for Oxidized Cholesteryl Esters.

Ayelet Gonen, Yury I Miller

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Lipidome remodeling in primary biliary cholangitis.Lipids in health and disease · 2026
    Review
  5. 3D cryoimaging of cell-mediated cholesterol crystal clearance in human atherosclerotic lesions.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. 25-Hydroxycholesterol in health and diseases.Journal of lipid research · 2024
    Review
  14. Niemann-Pick Disease Type C (NPDC) by Mutation ofAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Ayelet GonenDepartment of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.
Yury I MillerDepartment of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.
University of California, San Diego · US

Funding

Project 4: APOB-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells exacerbate atherosclerosisP01HL136275 · NHLBI · LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY · 2022 to 2025
$5.3M
AIBP therapyR35HL135737 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Yury Miller · 2022 to 2023
$1.9M
NHLBI NIH HHS P01 HL136275NHLBI NIH HHS R35 HL135737
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Esterification of cholesterol is a universal mechanism to store and transport large quantities of cholesterol between organs and tissues and to avoid toxicity of the excess of cellular cholesterol. Intended for transport and storage and thus to be inert, cholesteryl esters (CEs) reside in hydrophobic cores of circulating lipoproteins and intracellular lipid droplets. However, the inert identity of CEs is dramatically changed if cholesterol is esterified to a polyunsaturated fatty acid and subjected to oxidative modification. Post-synthetic, or epilipidomic, oxidative modifications of CEs are mediated by specialized enzymes, chief among them are lipoxygenases, and by free radical oxidation. The complex repertoire of oxidized CE (OxCE) products exhibit various, context-dependent biological activities, surveyed in this review. Oxidized fatty acyl chains in OxCE can be hydrolyzed and re-esterified, thus seeding oxidized moieties into phospholipids (PLs), with OxPLs having different from OxCEs biological activities. Technological advances in mass spectrometry and the development of new anti-OxCE antibodies make it possible to validate the presence and quantify the levels of OxCEs in human atherosclerotic lesions and plasma. The article discusses the prospects of measuring OxCE levels in plasma as a novel biomarker assay to evaluate risk of developing cardiovascular disease and efficacy of treatment.

Indexed as

AnimalsAtherosclerosisCholesterol EstersHumansOxidation-ReductionCholesterol Estersatherosclerosisbiomarkercardiovascular diseasecholesteryl esterinflammationmacrophageoxidizedtoll-like receptor 4

Identifiers

PMID33329402
PMCPMC7715012
OpenAlexW3109693157

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.