ReviewClinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)2021
Influenza infection, SARS, MERS and COVID-19: Cytokine storm - The common denominator and the lessons to be learned.
Review in Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 178 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preparing for future pandemics: enhancing serotonin activation and interpersonal warmth through music therapy to aid in adolescent depression recovery post-COVID-19: a randomized controlled trial.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2026Trial
- Immunological Mechanisms and Machine Learning Applications in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A Narrative Review.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- An immune-competent lung-on-a-chip for modelling the human severe influenza infection response.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Host Cell Virus Interactions: Molecular Mechanisms, Immune Modulation, Viral Pathogenesis, and Emerging Therapeutic Targets.Viruses · 2026Review
- NLRP3 inflammasomes at the ARDS-cancer interface: mechanisms and translational hypotheses.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Dimethyl Sulfoxide Modulates T Cell-Mediated Immunity to Attenuate Influenza A Virus Infection.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Dynamic monitoring of a core pro-inflammatory cytokine panel improves mortality prediction in severe influenza.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Body Biofluids for Minimally-Invasive Diagnostics: Insights, Challenges, Emerging Technologies, and Clinical Potential.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Influenza A Virus andInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Chronic Diseases and Influenza Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Hypoxia Exacerbates Inflammatory Signaling in Human Coronavirus OC43-Infected Lung Epithelial Cells.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Machine Learning Reassessment of Serum Immune Factors Shows No Unique Immune Profiles Linked to Disease Outcomes in SARS-CoV-2-infected Patients at Hospital Admittance.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- COVID-19 and Myocarditis: Trends, Clinical Characteristics, and Future Directions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Evaluation of in-vitro antiviral potential ofVirusdisease · 2025Article
- Immunological Disorders: Gradations and the Current Approach in Laboratory Diagnostics.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2025Review
- Review
- Superior replication, pathogenicity, and immune evasion of a Texas dairy cattle H5N1 virus compared to a historical avian isolate.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Heterogeneity of the Immunological and Pathogenic Profiles in Patients Hospitalize Early Versus Late During an Acute Vital Illness as Shown in Native SARS-CoV-2 Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals the effects and mechanisms of Jingfang Baidu powder on acute lung injury.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 reminds us that the emerging and reemerging respiratory virus infections pose a continuing threat to human life. Cytokine storm syndromes of viral origin seem to have a common pathogenesis of the imbalanced immune response with the exaggerated inflammatory reaction combined with the reduction and functional exhaustion of T cells. Immunomodulatory therapy is gaining interest in COVID-19, but this strategy has received less attention in other respiratory viral infections than it deserved. In this review we suggest that based on the similarities of the immune dysfunction in the severe cases of different respiratory viral infections, some lessons from the immunomodulatory therapy of COVID-19 (particularly regarding the choice of an immunomodulatory drug, the selection of patients and optimal time window for this kind of therapy) could be applied for some cases of severe influenza infection and probably for some future outbreaks of novel severe respiratory viral infections.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.