ReviewMedical hypotheses2021
Statins and PCSK9 inhibitors: What is their role in coronavirus disease 2019?
Review in Medical hypotheses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bridging the gap between CVD and COVID-19: the oxidized LDL hypothesis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- A versatile attention-based neural network for chemical perturbation analysis and its potential to aid surgical treatment: an experimental study.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2024Article
- Potential use of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibition and prevention method in viral infection.Microbial cell factories · 2024Review
- Role of PCSK9 inhibition during the inflammatory stage of SARS-COV-2: an updated review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Review
- Research Advances on the Role of Lipids in the Life Cycle of Human Coronaviruses.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Prognostic Value of Non-HDL Cholesterol in COVID-19 Pneumonia.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2023Article
- Distinct Features of Vascular Diseases in COVID-19.Journal of inflammation research · 2023Review
- The Influence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Lipid Metabolism-The Potential Use of Lipid-Lowering Agents in COVID-19 Management.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Protective effects of statins on COVID-19 risk, severity and fatal outcome: a nationwide Swedish cohort study.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Lipid rafts as viral entry routes and immune platforms: A double-edged sword in SARS-CoV-2 infection?Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids · 2022Review
- Insight into the Evolving Role of PCSK9.Metabolites · 2022Review
- Impact of Metabolic Risk Factors on COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes: An Extensive Review.Current cardiology reviews · 2022Review
- Strong relationship between cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein receptor, NaLipids in health and disease · 2021Article
- COVID-19, the Pandemic of the Century and Its Impact on Cardiovascular Diseases.Cardiology discovery · 2021Article
- Anticoagulation, Statins and "Arterial Thrombotic Sequalae after Covid-19: Mind the Gap".Annals of vascular surgery · 2021Article
- COVID-19 and lipids. The role of lipid disorders and statin use in the prognosis of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.Lipids in health and disease · 2021Review
- Endothelial Dysfunction and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Association and Therapeutic Strategies.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Possible mechanisms of cholesterol elevation aggravating COVID-19.International journal of medical sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Statins and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors interfere with several pathophysiological pathways of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Statins may have a direct antiviral effect on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by inhibiting its main protease. Statin-induced up-regulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) may also be beneficial, whereas cholesterol reduction might significantly suppress SARS-CoV-2 by either blocking its host-cell entry through the disruption of lipid rafts or by inhibiting its replication. Available human studies have shown beneficial effects of statins and PCSK9 inhibitors on pneumonia and sepsis. These drugs may act as immunomodulators in COVID-19 and protect against major complications, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and cytokine release syndrome. Considering their antioxidative, anti-arrhythmic, antithrombotic properties and their beneficial effect on endothelial dysfunction, along with the increased risk of mortality of patients at high cardiovascular risk infected by SARS-CoV-2, statins and PCSK9 inhibitors might prove effective against the cardiovascular and thromboembolic complications of COVID-19. On the whole, randomized clinical trials are needed to establish routine use of statins and PCSK9 inhibitors in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the meantime, it is recommended that lipid-lowering therapy should not be discontinued in COVID-19 patients unless otherwise indicated.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.