ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Comparison of PPAR Ligands as Modulators of Resolution of Inflammation, via Their Influence on Cytokines and Oxylipins Release in Astrocytes.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adjunctive therapy with lipid-lowering agents in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Lipids in health and disease · 2023Pooled it
- Neuroinflammation in Epilepsy: Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms and Implications for Natural Product-Driven Drug Discovery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- PPARa-FSP1 axis modulates lipid peroxidation-induced neuronal ferroptosis to promote functional recovery in mouse model of traumatic spinal cord injury.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Article
- The roles of glycerophospholipids in the aging retina and age-related macular degeneration.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Review
- Alterations of Bioactive Lipid Profiles in the Retina Following Traumatic Optic Neuropathy in Mice.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Effects of Docosahexaenoic Acid on Prostate Cancer.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Review
- Mast cells are key mediators in the pulmonary inflammatory response to formaldehyde exposure.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Article
- Glial-mediated immune modulation in glaucomatous neurodegeneration: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Effects of the Maximum Recommended Levels of Fumonisins in the EU on Oxylipin Profiles in the Liver and Brain of Chickens.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Mechanism of Efferocytosis in Determining Ischaemic Stroke Resolution-Diving into Microglia/Macrophage Functions and Therapeutic Modality.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- Fenofibrate Decreases Ethanol-Induced Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress and Reduces Alcohol Relapse in Rats by a PPAR-α-Dependent Mechanism.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The role of PPAR-γ in memory deficits induced by prenatal and lactation alcohol exposure in mice.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Article
- Anti-fibrotic effect of ciglitazone in HRV-induced airway remodelling cell model.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2023Article
- Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition enhances production of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator and promotes macrophage plasticity.British journal of pharmacology · 2023Article
- CYP2C19 Contributes to THP-1-Cell-Derived M2 Macrophage Polarization by Producing 11,12- and 14,15-Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid, Agonists of the PPARγ Receptor.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- PPARs at the crossroads of T cell differentiation and type 1 diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Role of Oxylipins in the Inflammatory-Related Diseases NAFLD, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes.Metabolites · 2022Review
- Fat Checking: Emerging Role of Lipids in Metabolism and Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Fenofibrate for COVID-19 and related complications as an approach to improve treatment outcomes: the missed key for Holy Grail.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2022Review
- The endocannabinoidome mediatorFrontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a key process of many neurodegenerative diseases and other brain disturbances, and astrocytes play an essential role in neuroinflammation. Therefore, the regulation of astrocyte responses for inflammatory stimuli, using small molecules, is a potential therapeutic strategy. We investigated the potency of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ligands to modulate the stimulating effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the primary rat astrocytes on (1) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) derivative (oxylipins) synthesis; (2) cytokines TNFα and interleukin-10 (IL-10) release; (3) p38, JNK, ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) phosphorylation. Astrocytes were exposed to LPS alone or in combination with the PPAR ligands: PPARα (fenofibrate, GW6471); PPARβ (GW501516, GSK0660); PPARγ (rosiglitazone, GW9662). We detected 28 oxylipins with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), classified according to their metabolic pathways: cyclooxygenase (COX), cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP), lipoxygenase (LOX) and PUFAs: arachidonic (AA), docosahexaenoic (DHA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA). All tested PPAR ligands decrease COX-derived oxylipins; both PPARβ ligands possessed the strongest effect. The PPARβ agonist, GW501516 is a strong inducer of pro-resolution substances, derivatives of DHA: 4-HDoHE, 11-HDoHE, 17-HDoHE. All tested PPAR ligands decreased the release of the proinflammatory cytokine, TNFα. The PPARβ agonist GW501516 and the PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone induced the IL-10 release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10; the cytokine index, (IL-10/TNFα) was more for GW501516. The PPARβ ligands, GW501516 and GSK0660, are also the strongest inhibitors of LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38, JNK, ERK MAPKs. Overall, our data revealed that the PPARβ ligands are a potential pro-resolution and anti-inflammatory drug for targeting glia-mediated neuroinflammation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.