ReviewCancers2020
Etiology of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL): Current Directions in Research.
Review in Cancers, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Breast Implant Illness: Symptoms, Outcomes with Explantation and Potential Etiologies-A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Pooled it
- From Case Reports to Molecular Insight: Examining the Outcomes and Underlying Mechanisms of Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Breast Implant Patients-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Implant replacement and anaplastic large cell lymphoma associated with breast implants: a quantitative analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Clinical recommendations for diagnosis and treatment according to current updated knowledge on BIA-ALCL.Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2022Guideline
- Article
- Microbial Contamination-Mediated Inflammation Is a Major Contributor of Breast Implant Complications: Prospective Analysis of 631 Samples.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Locoregional Breast Cancer Recurrences After Ablatio Mammae and Primary Reconstruction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma of the Breast by Race and Ethnicity.JAMA network open · 2025Observational
- Implant surface selection in primary cosmetic breast augmentation: A national cross-sectional study of UK plastic surgeons.JPRAS open · 2025Article
- Molecular Insights into the Diagnosis of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: Beyond Morphology and Immunophenotype.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Pro-Inflammatory Response to Macrotextured Silicone Implant Wear Debris.Tribology letters · 2025Article
- BIA-ALCL and BIA-SCC: Updates on Clinical Features and Genetic Mutations for Latest Recommendations.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- An Update on Implant-Associated Malignancies and Their Biocompatibility.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- A Rare Case of BIA-ALCL Mass Associated with Mastectomy Skin Flap Erythema After Immunization with COVID-19.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2023Article
- How molecular advances may improve the diagnosis and management of PTCL patients.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- The evaluation of the delayed swollen breast in patients with a history of breast implants.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Exposure to silicone breast implant-infused media is detrimental tomicroPublication biology · 2023Article
- BIA-ALCL-Horizon Scanning.JPRAS open · 2022Article
- 2022 Practice Recommendation Updates From the World Consensus Conference on BIA-ALCL.Aesthetic surgery journal · 2022Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a CD30-positive, anaplastic lymphoma kinase-negative T-cell lymphoma. Where implant history is known, all confirmed cases to date have occurred in patients with exposure to textured implants. There is a spectrum of disease presentation, with the most common occurring as a seroma with an indolent course. A less common presentation occurs as locally advanced or, rarely, as metastatic disease. Here we review the immunological characteristics of BIA-ALCL and potential triggers leading to its development. BIA-ALCL occurs in an inflammatory microenvironment with significant lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration and a prominent Th1/Th17 phenotype in advanced disease. Genetic lesions affecting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway are commonly present. Proposed triggers for the development of malignancy include mechanical friction, silicone implant shell particulates, silicone leachables, and bacteria. Of these, the bacterial hypothesis has received significant attention, supported by a plausible biologic model. In this model, bacteria form an adherent biofilm in the favorable environment of the textured implant surface, producing a bacterial load that elicits a chronic inflammatory response. Bacterial antigens, primarily of Gram-negative origin, may trigger innate immunity and induce T-cell proliferation with subsequent malignant transformation in genetically susceptible individuals. Although much remains to be elucidated regarding the multifactorial origins of BIA-ALCL, future research should focus on prevention and treatment strategies, recognizing susceptible populations, and whether decreasing the risk of BIA-ALCL is possible.
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Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.