Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33376375›Full record

ArticleDiabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy2020

Association of Daily Home-Based Hot Water Bathing and Glycemic Control in Ambulatory Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.

Hiroharu Kamioka, Yasunori Mori, Takahiko Horiuchi, Takahito Hayashi, Koichiro Ohmura, Satoru Yamaguchi, Mitsutoshi Kato

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Effects of Bathtub Bathing and Sauna Practices on Cardiovascular and Systemic Health: A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Hiroharu KamiokaFaculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan.
Yasunori MoriMie Prefecture Health and Environment Research Institute, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan.
Takahiko HoriuchiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Oita, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-1770-1087
Takahito HayashiDepartment of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
Koichiro OhmuraDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Satoru YamaguchiDepartment of Oriental Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
Mitsutoshi KatoKato Clinic of Internal Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo clarify the relationship between daily hot water bathing (HWB) at home and glycemic control in middle-aged and elderly ambulatory patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

methodsWe defined hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) as the main outcome. We set 7.0% based on the mean value of the dependent variable as the cut-off point for analysis. Frequency of HWB was an explanatory variable. A two-sample

resultsAmong 838 patients, there was a significant difference (p<0.001) in age between males (n=528, 62.8±8.7 years) and females (n=310, 65.0±8.1 years). In Model 1, compared with participants who used HWB more than seven times a week, those with poorly controlled HbA1c were significantly associated with low frequency of HWB: four to six times a week (OR 1.32, 95% CI 0.87-1.99) and less than three times a week (OR 1.43, 95% CI 0.98-2.10); p-value for overall trend was 0.041. In Model 2, p-value for overall trend was 0.138.

conclusionA higher frequency of HWB was moderately associated with a decreased risk of poor glycemic control in middle-aged and elderly ambulatory patients with T2DM.

Indexed as

hemoglobin A1chot water bathingmiddle-aged and elderly ambulatory patientstype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID33376375
PMCPMC7764630

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.