ReviewDiabetes & metabolism journal2020
Time in Range from Continuous Glucose Monitoring: A Novel Metric for Glycemic Control.
Review in Diabetes & metabolism journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 47 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Glycogen Storage Diseases: A Systematic Review of Clinical Utility, Accuracy and Patient Outcomes.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Correlation between time on target and glycated hemoglobin in people with diabetes mellitus: systematic review.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2023Pooled it
- Influence of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Hypoglycemic agents and glycemic variability in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.Diabetes & vascular disease researchPooled it
- Effect of Ebenatide on glycemic metabolism and body fat in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Trial
- Psychometric Properties of the Automated Insulin Delivery: Benefits and Burdens Scale for Adults with Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Hybrid Closed-Loop Versus Manual Insulin Delivery in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis Using the Glycemia Risk Index.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Impact of diverse aerobic exercise plans on glycemic control, lipid levels, and functional activity in stroke patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Trial
- Evaluation of continuous glucose monitoring outcomes and health care resource utilization in patients with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2026Article
- Diabetes and cancer: glucose control impact on survival and tumor outcomes.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- The association between time in range with sarcopenia and its components in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Nanostructured electrode materials and flexible-substrate engineering for wearable multi-analyte biosensors in diabetes monitoring and personalized care: a comprehensive review.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2026Review
- Impact of Carbohydrate Intake Fluctuations on Glucose Profiles: Insights from Continuous Glucose Monitoring-Based Patient Clustering.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Observational
- Association of continuous glucose monitoring metrics with early diabetic kidney disease in early-onset type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Nutrient metabolic heterogeneity across renal stages in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic kidney disease.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- A Study of the Relationship Between Serum Albumin-Corrected Fructosamine and Type 2 Diabetic Retinopathy.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Article
- How to take action beyond ambulatory glucose profile: Latin American expert recommendations on CGM data interpretation.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Review
- Add-On Treatment with Gliclazide for Cancer Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Undergoing Cyclic Glucocorticoid-Containing Chemotherapy.Biomedicines · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) has been the sole surrogate marker for assessing diabetic complications. However, consistently reported limitations of HbA1c are that it lacks detailed information on short-term glycemic control and can be easily interfered with by various clinical conditions such as anemia, pregnancy, or liver disease. Thus, HbA1c alone may not represent the real glycemic status of a patient. The advancement of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has enabled both patients and healthcare providers to monitor glucose trends for a whole single day, which is not possible with HbA1c. This has allowed for the development of core metrics such as time spent in time in range (TIR), hyperglycemia, or hypoglycemia, and glycemic variability. Among the 10 core metrics, TIR is reported to represent overall glycemic control better than HbA1c alone. Moreover, various evidence supports TIR as a predictive marker of diabetes complications as well as HbA1c, as the inverse relationship between HbA1c and TIR reveals. However, there are more complex relationships between HbA1c, TIR, and other CGM metrics. This article provides information about 10 core metrics with particular focus on TIR and the relationships between the CGM metrics for comprehensive understanding of glycemic status using CGM.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.