ReviewThe Journal of clinical investigation2021
Insulin signaling in health and disease.
Review in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 225 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
225 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 414 citations in OpenAlex.
- Once-Weekly Insulin Efsitora Alfa Versus Once Daily Insulin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2025Pooled it
- Investigating the results of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in non-diabetic and diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Short-Term Low Energy Availability on Metabolism and Performance-Related Parameters in Physically Active Adults.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Differential Pathophysiological Drivers of Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Ethnic Differences in Insulin Dynamics, Whole-Body Fat Metabolism, and Organ-Specific Lipid Deposition.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Review
- PFAS Exposure and Metabolic Disorders: Mechanistic Insights into Lipid and Glucose Homeostasis.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Material Basis and Mechanisms of Action of PuRenDan in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Integrated Network Pharmacology and Molecular Simulation Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Hepatic Transcriptomics Reveals Sexually Dimorphic Expression of IGF/IGFR Genes Underlying Growth Differences in Spinibarbus hollandi.Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Genome-wide variation landscape reveals temperature adaptation in Chinese indigenous cattle.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Trimethylamine N-Oxide Derived from a High-Protein Diet Induces Insulin Resistance in Pregnant Mice via Gut Microbiota Remodeling.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- SIRT1 improves carbohydrate utilization of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) through the Akt1/FoxO1 pathway.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2026Article
- Pancreatic fat deposition as a mediator of adrenal gland volume and type 2 diabetes: evidence from MRI.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- Unraveling the complexity of the histone code: implications for gene regulation and disease.Genome biology · 2026Review
- GSK3i combinatorial treatments affect CDK4/6 and compensatory pathways in 3D preclinical models of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.Biology open · 2026Article
- Insulin-like growth factor 1 as a key paracrine mediator in mesenchymal stem cell-based intervention for ovarian ageing: a review.Journal of ovarian research · 2026Review
- Impact of diabetes mellitus and grip strength on postoperative outcomes in older patients undergoing cancer surgery: A single-center retrospective cohort study.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Article
- Disruption of Hepatic Insulin Signaling Causes Phospholipid Dysregulation in Mice.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Insulin resistance: mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Enteric Infections, Dysbiosis, and Metabolic Dysfunction: The Role of Diarrheagenic Pathogens in Insulin Resistance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Main Protease From SARS-CoV-2 Dysregulates Glucose Handling in the C2C12 Cell Line In Vitro: A Mechanistic Study.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
165 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of cellular insulin action have been the focus of much investigation since the discovery of the hormone 100 years ago. Insulin action is impaired in metabolic syndrome, a condition known as insulin resistance. The actions of the hormone are initiated by binding to its receptor on the surface of target cells. The receptor is an α2β2 heterodimer that binds to insulin with high affinity, resulting in the activation of its tyrosine kinase activity. Once activated, the receptor can phosphorylate a number of intracellular substrates that initiate discrete signaling pathways. The tyrosine phosphorylation of some substrates activates phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), which produces polyphosphoinositides that interact with protein kinases, leading to activation of the kinase Akt. Phosphorylation of Shc leads to activation of the Ras/MAP kinase pathway. Phosphorylation of SH2B2 and of Cbl initiates activation of G proteins such as TC10. Activation of Akt and other protein kinases produces phosphorylation of a variety of substrates, including transcription factors, GTPase-activating proteins, and other kinases that control key metabolic events. Among the cellular processes controlled by insulin are vesicle trafficking, activities of metabolic enzymes, transcriptional factors, and degradation of insulin itself. Together these complex processes are coordinated to ensure glucose homeostasis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.