ReviewBreastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine2021
Best Practices for Human Milk Collection for COVID-19 Research.
Review in Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human Milk Micronutrients and Child Growth and Body Composition in the First 2 years: A Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Pooled it
- Non-Coding RNAs in Human Breast Milk: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Article
- Enhancing breastfeeding outcomes in postpartum women with insufficient breast milk supply: protocol for a six-month longitudinal randomized trial of self-administered acupressure.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Article
- Effect of MaternalCurrent developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- Impact of Maternal Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 on Immunological Components of Breast Milk.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Viral nucleic acid load in the milk of lactating mothers with COVID-19 and the prognosis of infants.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Characterization of mpox transmission in the household, the role of children, the impact on pregnancy, and the association with lactation: a study protocol.The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- Status of breast cancer detection in young women and potential of liquid biopsy.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers in breastmilk from convalescent and vaccinated mothers.iScience · 2023Article
- Skin to Skin Contact Correlated with Improved Production and Consumption of Mother's Own Milk.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2023Article
- Evidence for human milk as a biological system and recommendations for study design-a report from "Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)" Working Group 4.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Article
- Maternal mental health and breastfeeding amidst the Covid-19 pandemic: cross-sectional study in Catalonia (Spain).BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Observational
- Metallomic and Untargeted Metabolomic Signatures of Human Milk from SARS-CoV-2 Positive Mothers.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2022Observational
- Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG in human milk after vaccination is dependent on vaccine type and previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure: a longitudinal study.Genome medicine · 2022Observational
- SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antibody detection in breast milk from a prospective multicentre study in Spain.Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition · 2022Article
- Breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic: what do we know so far?Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2022Review
- Perspective: Nutritional Status as a Biological Variable (NABV): Integrating Nutrition Science into Basic and Clinical Research and Care.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Article
- Community-Acquired Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection Associated with Neurological Symptoms in Colombia.Journal of tropical pediatrics · 2021Article
- Milk From Women Diagnosed With COVID-19 Does Not Contain SARS-CoV-2 RNA but Has Persistent Levels of SARS-CoV-2-Specific IgA Antibodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 11 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In addition to providing life-giving nutrients and other substances to the breastfed infant, human milk can also represent a vehicle of pathogen transfer. As such, when an infectious disease outbreak, epidemic, or pandemic occurs-particularly when it is associated with a novel pathogen-the question will naturally arise as to whether the pathogen can be transmitted through breastfeeding. Until high-quality data are generated to answer this question, abandonment of breastfeeding due to uncertainty can result. The COVID-19 pandemic, which was in full swing at the time this document was written, is an excellent example of this scenario. During these times of uncertainty, it is critical for investigators conducting research to assess the possible transmission of pathogens through milk, whether by transfer through the mammary gland or contamination from respiratory droplets, skin, breast pumps, and milk containers, and/or close contact between mother and infant. To promote the most rigorous science, it is critical to outline optimal methods for milk collection, handling, storage, and analysis in these situations, and investigators should openly share their methods in published materials. Otherwise, the risks of inconsistent test results from preanalytical and analytical variation, false positives, and false negatives are unacceptably high and the ability to provide public health guidance poor. In this study, we provide "best practices" for collecting human milk samples for COVID-19 research with the intention that this will also be a useful guide for future pandemics.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.