ReviewToxins2021
Role of Uremic Toxins in Early Vascular Ageing and Calcification.
Review in Toxins, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structural and functional evolution of IL-1 targeting: From systemic neutralization to bioengineered nanotherapies.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular ageing: hallmarks, signaling pathways, diseases and therapeutic targets.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Serum syndecan-1 correlates with coronary artery calcification severity and intradialytic hypotension in elderly hemodialysis patients.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease and Hemodialysis: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Emerging Biomarkers.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Intersecting Pathways of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Atherogenesis in the Evaluation of CKD: Emerging Biomarkers PCSK9, EPHX2, AOPPs, and TBARSs.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Drivers and mechanisms of cognitive decline in chronic kidney disease.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2025Review
- A highly biocompatible polyethyleneimine/sulfonated polysulfone hemoperfusion microsphere with tailored surface charge for rapid and efficient removal of major protein-bound uremic toxins from simulated human plasma.Regenerative biomaterials · 2025Article
- Research progress on the association between TMAO and vascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease.Renal failure · 2024Review
- Arterio-Venous Fistula Calcifications-Risk Factors and Clinical Relevance.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- The Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in CKD-Related Vascular Calcification: From Mechanisms to Therapeutics.Kidney international reports · 2024Review
- Review
- Article
- Biotics (Pre-, Pro-, Post-) and Uremic Toxicity: Implications, Mechanisms, and Possible Therapies.Toxins · 2023Review
- Osteocalcin association with vascular function in chronic kidney disease.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2022Article
- The Calcified Vasculature in Chronic Kidney Disease Secretes Factors that Inhibit Bone Mineralization.JBMR plus · 2022Article
- Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease and All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Tricuspid Regurgitation.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Carbamylated Proteins in Renal Disease: Aggravating Factors or Just Biomarkers?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- New Insights to the Crosstalk between Vascular and Bone Tissue in Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder.Metabolites · 2021Review
- Lanthionine, a Novel Uremic Toxin, in the Vascular Calcification of Chronic Kidney Disease: The Role of Proinflammatory Cytokines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), the accumulation of uremic toxins, caused by a combination of decreased excretion secondary to reduced kidney function and increased generation secondary to aberrant expression of metabolite genes, interferes with different biological functions of cells and organs, contributing to a state of chronic inflammation and other adverse biologic effects that may cause tissue damage. Several uremic toxins have been implicated in severe vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) changes and other alterations leading to vascular calcification (VC) and early vascular ageing (EVA). The above mentioned are predominant clinical features of patients with CKD, contributing to their exceptionally high cardiovascular mortality. Herein, we present an update on pathophysiological processes and mediators underlying VC and EVA induced by uremic toxins. Moreover, we discuss their clinical impact, and possible therapeutic targets aiming at preventing or ameliorating the harmful effects of uremic toxins on the vasculature.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.