Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33402679›Full record

SynthesisNature communications2021

Sex-dimorphic genetic effects and novel loci for fasting glucose and insulin variability.

Vasiliki Lagou, Reedik Mägi, Jouke- Jan Hottenga, Harald Grallert, John R B Perry, Nabila Bouatia-Naji, Letizia Marullo, Denis Rybin, Rick Jansen, Josine L Min and 195 more

Erratum issuedOpen access · goldAbstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 105 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
105citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
23.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

105 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 163 citations in OpenAlex.

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45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

205 authors at 20 institutions in 22 countries.

Vasiliki Lagou *Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Reedik Mägi *Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Jouke- Jan Hottenga *Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5668-2368
Harald GrallertResearch Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
John R B PerryMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Nabila Bouatia-NajiUniversity of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5424-2134
Letizia MarulloDepartment of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
Denis RybinBoston University Data Coordinating Center, Boston, MA, USA.
Rick JansenDepartment of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3333-6737
Josine L MinMRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4456-9824
Antigone S DimasInstitute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Al. Fleming, Vari, Greece.
Anna UlrichDepartment of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Liudmila ZudinaDepartment of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Jesper R GådinCardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.
Longda JiangDepartment of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Alessia FaggianDepartment of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3799-9722
Amélie BonnefondUniversity of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9976-3005
Joao FadistaDepartment of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Maria G StathopoulouUniversité de Lorraine, IGE-PCV, F-54000, Nancy, France.
Aaron IsaacsGenetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5037-4834
Sara M WillemsGenetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6803-3007
Pau NavarroMRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5576-8584
Toshiko TanakaTranslational Gerontology Branch, Longitudinal Study Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Anne U JacksonDepartment of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9672-2547
May E MontasserDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Jeff R O'ConnellDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Lawrence F BielakDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3443-8030
Rebecca J WebsterLaboratory for Cancer Medicine, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia Centre for Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
Richa SaxenaBroad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2233-1065
Jeanette M StaffordDepartment of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Beate St PourcainMRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Nicholas J TimpsonMRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Perttu SaloPublic Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
So-Youn ShinWellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
Najaf AminDepartment of Epidemiology Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Albert V SmithDepartment of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1942-5845
Guo LiCardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Niek VerweijDepartment of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4303-7685
Anuj GoelWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2307-4021
Ian FordRobertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Paul C D JohnsonRobertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6663-7520
Toby JohnsonWilliam Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Karen KapurDepartment of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Gudmar ThorleifssondeCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Rona J StrawbridgeCardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8506-3585
Laura J Rasmussen-TorvikDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Tõnu EskoEstonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Evelin MihailovEstonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Tove FallDepartment of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2071-5866
Ross M FraserUsher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0488-2592
Anubha MahajanWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Stavroula KanoniWilliam Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1691-9615
Vilmantas GiedraitisDepartment of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3423-2021
Marcus E KleberVth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0663-7275
Günther SilbernagelDivision of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Julia MeyerInstitute of Genetic Epidemiology,Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Martina Müller-NurasyidInstitute of Genetic Epidemiology,Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3793-5910
Andrea GannaAnalytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Antti-Pekka SarinInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Loic YengoUniversity of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.
Dmitry ShunginDepartment of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Jian'an LuanMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3137-6337
Momoko HorikoshiWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Ping AnDivision of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Serena SannaIstituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3768-1749
Yvonne BoettcherDepartment of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
N William RaynerWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Ilja M NolteDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5047-4077
Tatijana ZemunikFaculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8120-2891
Erik van IperenDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Peter KovacsIFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-5423
Nicholas D HastieMRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
Sarah H WildUsher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7824-2569
Stela McLachlanUsher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0480-6143
Susan CampbellMRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
Ozren PolasekFaculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia.
Olga CarlsonLaboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Josephine EganLaboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8945-0053
Wieland KiessIFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Gonneke WillemsenDepartment of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Johanna KuusistoDepartment of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Markku LaaksoDepartment of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Maria DimitriouDepartment of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
Andrew A HicksCenter for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC) (Affiliated Institute of the University of LübeckLübeckGermany), Bolzano, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6320-0411
Rainer RauramaaKuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland.
Stefania BandinelliGeriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence, Italy.
Barbara ThorandGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD, München-Neuherberg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8416-6440
Yongmei LiuDepartment of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Iva MiljkovicDepartment of Epidemiology, Center for Aging and Population Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Lars LindDepartment of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, Uppsala, Sweden.
Alex DoneyPat McPherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
Markus PerolaPublic Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Aroon HingoraniDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8365-0081
Mika KivimakiDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4699-5627
Meena KumariDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
Amanda J BennettOxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Christopher J GrovesOxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Christian HerderGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD, München-Neuherberg, Germany.
Heikki A KoistinenDepartment of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7870-070X
Leena KinnunenDepartment of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland.
Ulf de FaireDivision of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Stephan J L BakkerDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3356-6791
Matti UusitupaInstitute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Colin N A PalmerPat McPherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6415-6560
J Wouter JukemaDept of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3246-8359
Naveed SattarInstitute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1604-2593
Anneli PoutaDepartment of Government Services, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Harold SniederDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1949-2298
Eric BoerwinkleIMM Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
James S PankowDivision of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MiI, USA.
Patrik K MagnussonDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7315-7899
Ulrika KrusDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Chiara ScapoliDepartment of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
Eco J C N de GeusDepartment of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Matthias BlüherDepartment of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0208-2065
Bruce H R WolffenbuttelDepartment of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9262-6921
Michael A ProvinceDivision of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Goncalo R AbecasisDepartment of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1509-1825
James B MeigsProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2439-2657
G Kees HovinghDepartment of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Jaana LindströmFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Diabetes Prevention Unit, Helsinki, Finland.
James F WilsonMRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5751-9178
Alan F WrightMRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
George V DedoussisDepartment of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
Stefan R BornsteinDepartment of Medicine, Division for Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Peter E H SchwarzDepartment for Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6317-7880
Anke TönjesDepartment of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Bernhard R WinkelmannCardiology Group, Frankfurt-Sachsenhausen, Germany.
Bernhard O BoehmLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore and Imperial College London, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2706-7710
Winfried MärzVth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Andres MetspaluEstonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3718-796X
Jackie F PriceUsher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Panos DeloukasWilliam Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9251-070X
Antje KörnerIFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6001-0356
Timo A LakkaKuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland.
Sirkka M Keinanen-KiukaanniemiFaculty of Medicine, Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Timo E SaaristoFinnish Diabetes Association, Tampere, Finland.
Richard N BergmanDiabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Jaakko TuomilehtoDepartment of Chronic Disease Prevention, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Nicholas J WarehamMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1422-2993
Claudia LangenbergMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5017-7344
Satu MännistöDepartment of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-3046
Paul W FranksDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0520-7604
Caroline HaywardMRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9405-9550
Veronique VitartMRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4991-3797
Jaakko KaprioInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3716-2455
Sophie Visvikis-SiestUniversité de Lorraine, IGE-PCV, F-54000, Nancy, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8104-8425
Beverley BalkauInserm, CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, U1018, Villejuif, France.
David AltshulerBroad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7250-4107
Igor RudanUsher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6993-6884
Michael StumvollDepartment of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Harry CampbellUsher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Cornelia M van DuijnGenetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2374-9204
Christian GiegerResearch Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Thomas IlligResearch Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Luigi FerrucciClinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Nancy L PedersenDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Peter P PramstallerCenter for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC) (Affiliated Institute of the University of LübeckLübeckGermany), Bolzano, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9831-8302
Michael BoehnkeDepartment of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6442-7754
Timothy M FraylingGenetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8362-2603
Alan R ShuldinerDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Patricia A PeyserDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9717-8459
Sharon L R KardiaDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Lyle J PalmerSchool of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
Brenda W PenninxDepartment of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Pierre MenetonU872 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France.
Tamara B HarrisGeriatric Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Gerjan NavisDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Pim van der HarstDepartment of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2713-686X
George Davey SmithMRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1407-8314
Nita G ForouhiMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5041-248X
Ruth J F LoosMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8532-5087
Veikko SalomaaFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7563-5324
Nicole SoranzoWellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1095-3852
Dorret I BoomsmaDepartment of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7099-7972
Leif GroopInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0187-3263
Tiinamaija TuomiInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8306-6202
Albert HofmanDepartment of Epidemiology Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Patricia B MunroeWilliam Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4176-2947
Vilmundur GudnasonIcelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5696-0084
David S SiscovickCardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Hugh WatkinsWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Cecile LecoeurUniversity of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0075-6417
Peter VollenweiderDepartment of Medicine, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Anders Franco-CerecedaCardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Per ErikssonCardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.
Marjo-Riitta JarvelinDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and HPA-MRC Center, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2149-0630
Kari StefanssondeCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1676-864X
Anders HamstenCardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
George NicholsonDepartment of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Fredrik KarpeOxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Emmanouil T DermitzakisDepartment of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9302-6490
Cecilia M LindgrenWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4903-9374
Mark I McCarthyWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Philippe FroguelUniversity of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2972-0784
Marika A KaakinenDepartment of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9228-0462
Valeriya LyssenkoDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Richard M WatanabeDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1015-0531
Erik IngelssonDepartment of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2256-6972
Jose C FlorezCenter for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Josée DupuisDepartment of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2871-3603
Inês BarrosoWellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5800-4520
Andrew P MorrisWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Inga ProkopenkoWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. i.prokopenko@surrey.ac.uk.
Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium (MAGIC)
Centre for Human Genetics · GBUniversity Medical Center Groningen · NLWestern General Hospital · GBUniversity of Cambridge · GBUniversity of Edinburgh · GBUniversity of Michigan · USBroad Institute · USCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique · FRFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare · FIHelmholtz Zentrum München · DEIFB Adiposity Diseases · DENational Institute on Aging · USUniversity of Eastern Finland · FIUniversity of Helsinki · FIImperial College London · GBKarolinska Institutet · SEKarolinska University Hospital · SEQueen Mary University of London · GBUniversity of Bristol · GBUniversity of Tartu · EE

Funding

NIMH Center Repository Supporting Stem Cell ResearchU24MH068457 · NIMH · RUTGERS THE ST UNIV OF NJ NEW BRUNSWICK · PI BRZUSTOWICZ, LINDA M, KNOWLES, JAMES A · 2003 to 2024
$213.8M
UCLA Clinical Translational Science InstituteUL1TR001881 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ARLEEN F. BROWN, ARASH NAEIM · 2016 to 2026
$118.1M
Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (UL1)UL1RR025005 · NCRR · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI FORD, DANIEL ERNEST · 2007 to 2011
$75.8M
Transgenic & Knock-out MouseP30DK063491 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI ALAN R. SALTIEL · 2003 to 2026
$40.4M
Genetic analysis of type II diabetes in Finnish populationZIAHG000024 · NHGRI · NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI ERDOS, MICHAEL · 2009 to 2025
$38.2M
Genome-Wide Association Analysis in Essential Hypertension (FEHGAS study)R01HL086694 · NHLBI · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI ARAVINDA CHAKRAVARTI · 2007 to 2026
$21.2M
Zonulin Antibodies in Intestinal Permeabilitiy in IDDMM01RR016500 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI SMITH, BARBARA A · 2002 to 2009
$20.2M
THE PURPOSE OF MODIFICATION TO(1)INCREASE EFFORT OF OPTION 2 AND OPTION 3 FOR ICN01AG12100 · NIA · ICELANDIC HEART ASSOCIATION · PI GUDNASON, VILMUNDUR · 2007 to 2012
$18.4M
Research BaseP30DK072488 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI POLLIN, TONI I. · 2005 to 2019
$17.3M
UCLA CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE INSTITUTEUL1RR033176 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI DUBINETT, STEVEN M. · 2011 to 2011
$15.5M
The Genetic Determinants of Human GNRH DeficiencyP50HD028138 · NICHD · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI SEMINARA, STEPHANIE BETH · 2014 to 2020
$12.9M
Epidemiology of Venous Thrombosis & Pulmonary EmbolismR01HL059367 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI TANG, WEIHONG · 1998 to 2024
$11.8M
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council G20234British Heart FoundationBritish Heart Foundation PG/07/133/24260Department of Health NF-SI-0617-10090EPA EP-C-15-001Intramural NIH HHS ZIA HG000024Medical Research Council G0500539Medical Research Council G0600705Medical Research Council G9815508Medical Research Council MC_PC_15018Medical Research Council MC_PC_19009Medical Research Council MC_UU_00006/1Medical Research Council MC_UU_00006/2Medical Research Council MC_UU_00006/3Medical Research Council MC_UU_00007/10Medical Research Council MC_UU_00011-1Medical Research Council MC_UU_00011/1Medical Research Council MC_UU_12015/2Medical Research Council MR/L020149/1Medical Research Council MR/R024227/1Medical Research Council MR/S011676/1NCRR NIH HHS M01 RR016500NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR025005NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR033176NHGRI NIH HHS HHSN268200782096CNHGRI NIH HHS N01 HG065403NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG000376NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG004171NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG004402NHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100005CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100005GNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100005INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100006CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100007CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100007INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100008CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100008INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100009CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100009INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100010CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100011CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100011INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100012CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201500001CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201500001INHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC015103NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC025195NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC035129NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC045133NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC055222NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC075150NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC085079NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC085086NHLBI NIH HHS N01HC85080NHLBI NIH HHS N01HC85081NHLBI NIH HHS N01HC85082NHLBI NIH HHS N01HC85083NHLBI NIH HHS N02 HL64278NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL036310NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL059367NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL075366NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL080295NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL086694NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL087641NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL087652NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL087660NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL087679NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL105756NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL119443NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL054457NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL054464NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL054481NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL072515NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL080295NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL054457NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL054464NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL054481NIAMS NIH HHS K08 AR055688NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR046838NIA NIH HHS N01 AG062101NIA NIH HHS N01 AG062103NIA NIH HHS N01 AG062106NIA NIH HHS N01AG12100NIA NIH HHS N01AG50002NIA NIH HHS R01 AG008724NIA NIH HHS R01 AG010175NIA NIH HHS R01 AG013196NIA NIH HHS R01 AG015928NIA NIH HHS R01 AG018728NIA NIH HHS R01 AG020098NIA NIH HHS R01 AG023629NIA NIH HHS R01 AG027058NIA NIH HHS R01 AG028555NIA NIH HHS R01 AG032098NIA NIH HHS R37 AG013196NIA NIH HHS R56 AG020098NIA NIH HHS R56 AG023629NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD028138NIDA NIH HHS HHSN271201200022CNIDA NIH HHS R01 DA018673NIDA NIH HHS R37 DA018673NIDDK NIH HHS K24 DK080140NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK063491NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK072488NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK072193NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK078616NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK092127NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK062370NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK078616NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK105535NIMHD NIH HHS R01 MD009164NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH058799NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH063706NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH081802NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH090941NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH101814NIMH NIH HHS RC2 MH089951NIMH NIH HHS RC2 MH089995NIMH NIH HHS RL1 MH083268NIMH NIH HHS U24 MH068457NLM NIH HHS R01 LM010098Wellcome Trust 083948Wellcome Trust 084727/Z/08/ZWellcome Trust 085475/B/08/ZWellcome Trust 085475/Z/08/ZWellcome Trust 090532/Z/09/ZWellcome Trust 092447/Z/10/ZWellcome Trust 098381Wellcome Trust 106130Wellcome Trust 201543/B/16/ZWellcome Trust 202802/Z/16/ZWellcome Trust 203141/Z/16/ZWellcome Trust 212259Wellcome Trust 217065/Z/19/ZWellcome Trust GR069224Wellcome Trust WT098017Wellcome Trust WT098051Wellcome Trust WT205915
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Differences between sexes contribute to variation in the levels of fasting glucose and insulin. Epidemiological studies established a higher prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in men and impaired glucose tolerance in women, however, the genetic component underlying this phenomenon is not established. We assess sex-dimorphic (73,089/50,404 women and 67,506/47,806 men) and sex-combined (151,188/105,056 individuals) fasting glucose/fasting insulin genetic effects via genome-wide association study meta-analyses in individuals of European descent without diabetes. Here we report sex dimorphism in allelic effects on fasting insulin at IRS1 and ZNF12 loci, the latter showing higher RNA expression in whole blood in women compared to men. We also observe sex-homogeneous effects on fasting glucose at seven novel loci. Fasting insulin in women shows stronger genetic correlations than in men with waist-to-hip ratio and anorexia nervosa. Furthermore, waist-to-hip ratio is causally related to insulin resistance in women, but not in men. These results position dissection of metabolic and glycemic health sex dimorphism as a steppingstone for understanding differences in genetic effects between women and men in related phenotypes.

Indexed as

AdultAnorexia NervosaBlood GlucoseFastingFemaleGene ExpressionGenetic LociGenome-Wide Association StudyGlucose IntoleranceHumansInsulinInsulin Receptor Substrate ProteinsInsulin ResistanceKruppel-Like Transcription FactorsMaleMiddle AgedBlood GlucoseInsulinInsulin Receptor Substrate ProteinsIRS1 protein, humanKruppel-Like Transcription FactorsZNF12 protein, human

Identifiers

PMID33402679
PMCPMC7785747
OpenAlexW3095669293

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.