ReviewAmerican journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology2021
Kinins and chymase: the forgotten components of the renin-angiotensin system and their implications in COVID-19 disease.
Review in American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mast cell mediators in hereditary angioedema.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2026Article
- Do Long COVID and COVID Vaccine Side Effects Share Pathophysiological Picture and Biochemical Pathways?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Interaction of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines with renin angiotensin aldosterone system, clinical outcomes, and angiotensin (1-7) as a physiological treatment recommendation: hypothesis and theory article.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Role of the RAAS in mediating the pathophysiology of COVID-19.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2024Review
- The Renin-Angiotensin System: The Challenge behind Autoimmune Dermatological Diseases.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Organ and cell-specific biomarkers of Long-COVID identified with targeted proteomics and machine learning.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2023Article
- Role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of severe lung damage in COVID-19 patients.Respiratory research · 2022Article
- Does the Naked Emperor Parable Apply to Current Perceptions of the Contribution of Renin Angiotensin System Inhibition in Hypertension?Current hypertension reports · 2022Review
- Inflammation and vascular dysfunction: The negative synergistic combination of diabetes and COVID-19.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2022Review
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2): Two decades of revelations and re-evaluation.Peptides · 2022Review
- The innate immune response, microenvironment proteinases, and the COVID-19 pandemic: pathophysiologic mechanisms and emerging therapeutic targets.Kidney international supplements · 2022Review
- COVID-lateral damage: cardiovascular manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Blood biomarkers representing maternal-fetal interface tissues used to predict early-and late-onset preeclampsia but not COVID-19 infection.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2022Article
- COVID-19 and Venous Thromboembolism: From Pathological Mechanisms to Clinical Management.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Review
- Soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is transiently elevated in COVID-19 and correlates with specific inflammatory and endothelial markers.Journal of medical virology · 2021Article
- Which ones, when and why should renin-angiotensin system inhibitors work against COVID-19?Advances in biological regulation · 2021Review
- Review
- Cardiovascular complications of COVID-19.JCI insight · 2021Review
- ACE2 Down-Regulation May Act as a Transient Molecular Disease Causing RAAS Dysregulation and Tissue Damage in the Microcirculatory Environment Among COVID-19 Patients.The American journal of pathology · 2021Review
- Angiotensin-(1-7)-A Potential Remedy for AKI: Insights Derived from the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The unique clinical features of COVID-19 disease present a formidable challenge in the understanding of its pathogenesis. Within a very short time, our knowledge regarding basic physiological pathways that participate in SARS-CoV-2 invasion and subsequent organ damage have been dramatically expanded. In particular, we now better understand the complexity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and the important role of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-2 in viral binding. Furthermore, the critical role of its major product, angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7), in maintaining microcirculatory balance and in the control of activated proinflammatory and procoagulant pathways, generated in this disease, have been largely clarified. The kallikrein-bradykinin (BK) system and chymase are intensively interwoven with RAAS through many pathways with complex reciprocal interactions. Yet, so far, very little attention has been paid to a possible role of these physiological pathways in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 disease, even though BK and chymase exert many physiological changes characteristic to this disorder. Herein, we outline the current knowledge regarding the reciprocal interactions of RAAS, BK, and chymase that are probably turned-on in COVID-19 disease and participate in its clinical features. Interventions affecting these systems, such as the inhibition of chymase or blocking BKB1R/BKB2R, might be explored as potential novel therapeutic strategies in this devastating disorder.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.