Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33413339›Full record

Observational studyCardiovascular diabetology2021

Associations between continuous glucose monitoring-derived metrics and arterial stiffness in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Satomi Wakasugi, Tomoya Mita, Naoto Katakami, Yosuke Okada, Hidenori Yoshii, Takeshi Osonoi, Nobuichi Kuribayashi, Yoshinobu Taneda, Yuichi Kojima, Masahiko Gosho and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract readMulticenter StudyObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.4field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.

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  10. The importance of the time in target range (TTR) of glucose and blood pressure.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.

Satomi WakasugiDepartment of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Tomoya MitaDepartment of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. tom-m@juntendo.ac.jp.ORCID 0000-0002-4401-2965
Naoto KatakamiDepartment of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
Yosuke OkadaFirst Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.
Hidenori YoshiiDepartment of Medicine, Diabetology & Endocrinology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Shinsuna 3-3-20, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 136-0075, Japan.
Takeshi OsonoiNakakinen Clinic, 745-5, Nakadai, Naka, Ibaraki, 311-0113, Japan.
Nobuichi KuribayashiMisaki Naika Clinic, 6-44-9 Futawahigashi, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-0805, Japan.
Yoshinobu TanedaTaneda Clinic, Iwaki, Fukushima, 973-8402, Japan.
Yuichi KojimaMusashino Family Clinic, Minami 3-14-1, Yoshikawa, Saitama, 342-0038, Japan.
Masahiko GoshoDepartment of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
Iichiro ShimomuraDepartment of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
Hirotaka WatadaDepartment of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Juntendo University · JPThe University of Osaka · JPFutaba (Japan) · JPKoto Hospital · JPMusashino Academia Musicae · JPUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan · JPUniversity of Tsukuba · JP

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPrevious studies have suggested that high mean glucose levels and glycemic abnormalities such as glucose fluctuation and hypoglycemia accelerate the progression of atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Although continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) that could evaluate such glycemic abnormalities has been rapidly adopted, the associations between CGM-derived metrics and arterial stiffness are not entirely clear.

methodsThis exploratory cross-sectional study used baseline data from an ongoing prospective, multicenter, observational study with 5 years of follow-up. Study participants included 445 outpatients with type 2 diabetes and no history of apparent cardiovascular disease who underwent CGM and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) measurement at baseline. Associations between CGM-derived metrics and baPWV were analyzed using multivariate regression models.

resultsIn a linear regression model, all CGM-derived metrics were significantly associated with baPWV, but HbA1c was not. Some CGM-derived metrics related to intra-day glucose variability, hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemia remained significantly associated with baPWV after adjusting for possible atherosclerotic risk factors, including HbA1c. Based on baPWV ≥ 1800 cm/s as indicative of high arterial stiffness, multivariate logistic regression found that some CGM-derived metrics related to intra-day glucose variability and hyperglycemia are significantly associated with high arterial stiffness even after adjusting for possible atherosclerotic risk factors, including HbA1c.

conclusionsMultiple CGM-derived metrics are significantly associated with baPWV and high arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes who have no history of apparent cardiovascular disease. These metrics might be useful for identifying patients at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

Indexed as

Blood Glucose Self-MonitoringMonitoring, AmbulatoryPulse Wave AnalysisVascular StiffnessAgedBiomarkersBlood GlucoseCardiovascular DiseasesCross-Sectional StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansJapanMaleMiddle AgedBiomarkersBlood GlucoseGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanArterial stiffnessContinuous glucose monitoringGlucose variabilityType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID33413339
PMCPMC7792328
OpenAlexW3120364339

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.