ReviewNutrients2021
Regulation of Postabsorptive and Postprandial Glucose Metabolism by Insulin-Dependent and Insulin-Independent Mechanisms: An Integrative Approach.
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 205 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exercise interventions of ≥8 weeks improve body composition, physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in older adults with stageFrontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Trial
- Use of Metabotyping to Identify Individuals With Different Triglyceride Response Curves After Intake of High-Fat Meals.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Trial
- Brain patterns and risk factors in the FINGER RCT multimodal lifestyle intervention.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Trial
- High-amylose barley bread improves postprandial glycemia compared to regular barley and wheat bread in subjects with or without type 2 diabetes.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Diet on Postprandial Glucose and Pregnancy Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Exercise-induced improvement of glycemic fluctuation and its relationship with fat and muscle distribution in type 2 diabetes.Journal of diabetes · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Exploration of the Potential Mechanisms of Anaphalis virgata Extract in Treating Diabetic Hepatic Injury Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Article
- Article
- Regulation and clinical manifestations of gluconeogenesis dysfunction.npj metabolic health and disease · 2026Review
- Unveiling lactylation: A novel frontier in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Parenteral dextrose during refeeding is associated with electrolyte deficiencies in anorexia nervosa: a route-specific analysis of oral and parenteral nutrition.Journal of eating disorders · 2026Article
- Amino Acids-Potential Biomarkers of Histological Features for MASLD in Pediatric Obesity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Glycogen content and expression of CD10 and α-SMA in the microenvironment of viable human hepatic hydatid cysts.Gut pathogens · 2026Article
- Integrating bile acid metabolism into precision nutrition strategies for improved swine performance.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2026Review
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glucose levels in blood must be constantly maintained within a tight physiological range to sustain anabolism. Insulin regulates glucose homeostasis via its effects on glucose production from the liver and kidneys and glucose disposal in peripheral tissues (mainly skeletal muscle). Blood levels of glucose are regulated simultaneously by insulin-mediated rates of glucose production from the liver (and kidneys) and removal from muscle; adipose tissue is a key partner in this scenario, providing nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) as an alternative fuel for skeletal muscle and liver when blood glucose levels are depleted. During sleep at night, the gradual development of insulin resistance, due to growth hormone and cortisol surges, ensures that blood glucose levels will be maintained within normal levels by: (a) switching from glucose to NEFA oxidation in muscle; (b) modulating glucose production from the liver/kidneys. After meals, several mechanisms (sequence/composition of meals, gastric emptying/intestinal glucose absorption, gastrointestinal hormones, hyperglycemia mass action effects, insulin/glucagon secretion/action, de novo lipogenesis and glucose disposal) operate in concert for optimal regulation of postprandial glucose fluctuations. The contribution of the liver in postprandial glucose homeostasis is critical. The liver is preferentially used to dispose over 50% of the ingested glucose and restrict the acute increases of glucose and insulin in the bloodstream after meals, thus protecting the circulation and tissues from the adverse effects of marked hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.