Trial reportThe Journal of clinical investigation2021
SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cell responses in convalescent COVID-19 individuals.
Trial report in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 180 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
180 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 274 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systemic review of T-cell epitopes defined from the proteome of SARS-CoV-2.Virus research · 2023Pooled it
- COVID-19 pandemic: the delta variant, T-cell responses, and the efficacy of developing vaccines.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2022Pooled it
- Landscape of epitopes targeted by T cells in 852 individuals recovered from COVID-19: Meta-analysis, immunoprevalence, and web platform.Cell reports. Medicine · 2021Pooled it
- T cell immunomonitoring: a comparative analysis of traditional and novel methods to quantify and characterize human antigen-specific T cells.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Computational identification of antigen-specific T cell groups through generative epitope modeling.iScience · 2026Article
- Affinity Selection of MS2 VLPs as SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Candidates Targeting Nucleocapsid Protein.Viruses · 2026Article
- Distinct CD8iScience · 2026Article
- HLA-E-restricted SARS-CoV-2 epitopes drive CD8Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- N-terminal pyroglutamylation of an HLA-A24-restricted immunodominant epitope enhances SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- An HLA Association With COVID-19 Vaccine Reactogenicity Correlates With Fewer SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Monocyte Activation.Research square · 2025Article
- T cell epitope mapping reveals immunodominance of evolutionarily conserved regions within SARS-CoV-2 proteome.iScience · 2025Article
- Population-level toggling of T cell immune escape at human leukocyte antigen anchor residues in SARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins, in an ethnically diverse population region.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Peripheral blood cytokine profiles predict the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection: an EPICBMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Article
- Mutational pressure promotes release of public CD8iScience · 2025Article
- Age and Latent Cytomegalovirus Infection Do Not Affect the Magnitude of De Novo SARS-CoV-2-Specific CD8European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Skin patch delivery of a SARS-CoV-2 spike DNA vaccine produces broad neutralising antibody responses.Heliyon · 2025Article
- A comparison of Gam-COVID-Vac vaccination and non-vaccination on neurological symptoms and immune response in post-COVID-19 syndrome.Qatar medical journal · 2025Article
- Impaired and restored CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Genomic insights into mRNA COVID-19 vaccines efficacy: Linking genetic polymorphisms to waning immunity.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
120 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Characterization of the T cell response in individuals who recover from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is critical to understanding its contribution to protective immunity. A multiplexed peptide-MHC tetramer approach was used to screen 408 SARS-CoV-2 candidate epitopes for CD8+ T cell recognition in a cross-sectional sample of 30 coronavirus disease 2019 convalescent individuals. T cells were evaluated using a 28-marker phenotypic panel, and findings were modelled against time from diagnosis and from humoral and inflammatory responses. There were 132 SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cell responses detected across 6 different HLAs, corresponding to 52 unique epitope reactivities. CD8+ T cell responses were detected in almost all convalescent individuals and were directed against several structural and nonstructural target epitopes from the entire SARS-CoV-2 proteome. A unique phenotype for SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells was observed that was distinct from other common virus-specific T cells detected in the same cross-sectional sample and characterized by early differentiation kinetics. Modelling demonstrated a coordinated and dynamic immune response characterized by a decrease in inflammation, increase in neutralizing antibody titer, and differentiation of a specific CD8+ T cell response. Overall, T cells exhibited distinct differentiation into stem cell and transitional memory states (subsets), which may be key to developing durable protection.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.