ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2022
"Was Test Designed for Africans?" Health Literacy and African Immigrants.
Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modifiable predictors of health literacy in working-age adults - a rapid review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- An Observational Study of Sub-Saharan African Immigrants in California.Discover public health · 2025Article
- Addressing COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Uptake Among African Immigrants: Lessons from a Community-Based Outreach Program.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- The Tulumbe! Partnership: a case study in developing a community-led research agenda to address HIV among African immigrants in the United States.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Assessment of health literacy among migrant populations in Southern Spain: A cross-sectional study.Nursing open · 2023Article
- "They Wait until the Disease Has Taking over You and the Doctors Cannot Do Anything about It": Qualitative Insights from Harambee! 2.0.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundImmigrants experience barriers to accessing and utilizing health care. Language and cultural differences regarding health and healing impact use of health care. Limited health literacy is associated with decreased preventive health services and is reported among immigrant groups in the USA, but the health literacy of African immigrants is not known.
objectiveAssess health literacy, its association with engagement in primary care and select sociodemographic variables, and the use of two health literacy measures with African immigrants.
methodsWe conducted a community-based participatory research cross-sectional survey among African immigrants in Massachusetts. Participants completed the Newest Vital Sign, the Health Literacy Skills Instrument, acceptability questionnaires, and a Health Survey. We observed and recorded comments and questions as participants completed the surveys. KEY
resultsOut of 75 participants, 60% have limited health literacy. Over 80% are connected to a health care system and comfortable speaking with their doctor/nurse. Education, English proficiency, country of origin, and access to health care are associated with health literacy. Participants found the measures easy to understand but difficult to answer. Observation data revealed unfamiliarity with nutrition labels, cooking measurements, and navigation of internet links, and the need for clarification of select items.
conclusionsMost African immigrants in this study have limited health literacy despite English proficiency, college education, employment, and connection to a health system. Further research is needed to determine the value of aligning the measurement of health literacy with the cultural-linguistic identities of the population being assessed versus the need to understand their health literacy within the dominant culture.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.