Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33430644›Full record

ReviewJournal of diabetes science and technology2022

Digital Diabetes Management: A Literature Review of Smart Insulin Pens.

Lutz Heinemann, Oliver Schnell, Bernhard Gehr, Nanette C Schloot, Sven W Görgens, Christoph Görgen

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Getting Connected to M-Health Technologies through a Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Insulin Injection Behaviors and Association with Glycemic Outcomes in Patients with Diabetes: A Real-World Survey in Spain.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Perceptions of Suboptimal Insulin Dosing from People with Diabetes and Healthcare Professionals in Germany.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025
    Article
  9. Proposed Practical Guidelines to Improve Glycaemic Management by Reducing Glycaemic Variability in People with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Connected Insulin Pens and Pen Caps: Expanding Diabetes Technology Access and Adoption.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Lutz HeinemannScience Consulting in Diabetes GmbH, Neuss, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2493-1304
Oliver SchnellForschergruppe Diabetes e.V. at the Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-4968-2367
Bernhard Gehrm&i-Fachklinik, Bad Heilbrunn, Germany.
Nanette C SchlootLilly Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany.
Sven W GörgensLilly Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany.
Christoph GörgenLilly Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Digital health management is increasingly pivotal in the care of patients with diabetes. The aim of this review was to evaluate the clinical benefits of using smart insulin pens with connectivity for diabetes management. The search was performed using PubMed and PubMed Central on May 15, 2019, to identify publications investigating the use of insulin pens. Studies evaluating insulin pens with connectivity via Bluetooth/Near Field Communication, with an associated electronic device enabling connectivity, or with a memory function were included in the review. Nine studies were identified in the search. Overall, these studies lacked data on smart insulin pens with a connectivity function, with eight of the available studies investigating only pens with a memory function. The studies focused primarily on assessing patient preference, usability, and technical accuracy. The number of studies assessing clinical outcomes was small (

Indexed as

Diabetes MellitusHypoglycemic AgentsHumansInjectionsInsulinInsulin Infusion SystemsHypoglycemic AgentsInsulindiabetesdigital technologiesinsulin therapypensreviewsmart insulin pen

Identifiers

PMID33430644
PMCPMC9158248

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.