SynthesisThe international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity2021
Consolidating evidence on the effectiveness of interventions promoting fruit and vegetable consumption: an umbrella review.
Synthesis in The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Digital Interventions Targeting Healthy and Sustainable Eating Behavior: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Interventions in the workplace to reduce risk factors for noncommunicable diseases: an umbrella review of systematic reviews of effectiveness.Journal of occupational health · 2024Pooled it
- Strategies associated with improved healthiness of consumer purchasing in supermarket interventions: a systematic overview of reviews and evaluation of primary articles.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Digital behaviour change interventions to increase vegetable intake in adults: a systematic review.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2023Pooled it
- Interventions to Improve Child Physical Activity in the Early Childhood Education and Care Setting: An Umbrella Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Barriers and facilitators to implementation of direct fruit and vegetables provision interventions in kindergartens and schools: a qualitative systematic review applying the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR).The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2022Pooled it
- Obesity Prevention within the Early Childhood Education and Care Setting: A Systematic Review of Dietary Behavior and Physical Activity Policies and Guidelines in High Income Countries.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Creating healthy habits for Maryland preschoolers (CHAMP): a cluster-randomized controlled trial among childcare centers.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025Trial
- Feasibility of a co-designed and personalised intervention to improve vegetable intake in rural-dwelling young adults.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025Trial
- Design and evaluation of the "Feel Good" feasibility study - a multi-component fruit and vegetable intervention in children measuring cognitive and mental health outcomes.Nutrition journal · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Impact and process evaluation of a primary-school Food Education and Sustainability Training (FEAST) program in 10-12-year-old children in Australia: pragmatic cluster non-randomized controlled trial.BMC public health · 2024Trial
- A cluster-randomized trial comparing two SWITCH implementation support strategies for school wellness intervention effectiveness.Journal of sport and health science · 2023Trial
- "Sometimes it's the bullying": an exploratory qualitative study of church leaders' perceptions of dietary health of black American children and youth.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2026Article
- National Food Consumption Survey (NIPNOD 2018-2023): Results of Dietary Habits and Diet Quality Among Adolescents in Croatia.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cooking, Food Agency and Pro- Health Behavior.Current environmental health reports · 2026Review
- Encouraging impulsive adolescents attending college to eat more fruit and vegetables: A preliminary investigation of negative urgency, message format and frame.Journal of health psychology · 2026Article
- Modeling the Impact of Behavior Changes on Mortality Attributable to Non-communicable Diseases in Canada.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2026Article
- Diets, Fruit and Vegetable Intake, and Nutritional Status in Sri Lanka: A Scoping Review.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe overarching objective was to examine the effectiveness of intervention strategies to promote fruit and vegetable consumption. To do this, systematic review evidence regarding the effects of intervention strategies was synthesized; organized, where appropriate, by the setting in which the strategies were implemented. Additionally, we sought to describe gaps in the review of evidence; that is, where evidence regarding the effectiveness of recommended policy actions had not been systematically synthesised.
methodsWe undertook a systematic search of electronic databases and the grey literature to identify systematic reviews describing the effects of any intervention strategy targeting fruit and/or vegetable intake in children or adults of any age.
resultsThe effects of 32 intervention strategies were synthesised from the 19 included reviews. The strategies were mapped across all three broad domains of the NOURISHING framework (i.e. food environment, food system and behaviour change communication), but covered just 14 of the framework's 65 sub-policy areas. There was evidence supporting the effectiveness of 19 of the 32 intervention strategies. The findings of the umbrella review suggest that intervention strategies implemented within schools, childcare services, homes, workplaces and primary care can be effective, as can eHealth strategies, mass media campaigns, household food production strategies and fiscal interventions.
conclusionsA range of effective strategy options are available for policy makers and practitioners interested in improving fruit and/or vegetable intake. However, the effects of many strategies - particularly those targeting agricultural production practices, the supply chain and the broader food system - have not been reported in systematic reviews. Primary studies assessing the effects of these strategies, and the inclusion of such studies in systematic reviews, are needed to better inform national and international efforts to improve public health nutrition.
trial registrationThe review protocol was deposited in a publicly available Open Science framework prior to execution of the search strategy. https://osf.io/unj7x/.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.