Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33439277›Full record

SynthesisInternational urogynecology journal2021

Prevalence, incidence and bothersomeness of urinary incontinence in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Heidi F A Moossdorff-Steinhauser, Bary C M Berghmans, Marc E A Spaanderman, Esther M J Bols

Registry-linked trialAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in International urogynecology journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07170007 (Physiotherapeutic Protocol Compared to Usual Care in the Treatment of Postpartum Primiparas After Perineal Trauma), which is not on this map. Cited by 54 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
54citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07170007 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Physiotherapeutic Protocol Compared to Usual Care in the Treatment of Postpartum Primiparas After Perineal Trauma: A Type 1 Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Randomized Controlled Trial With Economic Evaluation

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of Sao PauloRan2025 to 2029Enrolled82ConditionsEpisiotomy, Lacerations Perineal, Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury, Perineal InjuryArmsPhysiotherapeutic protocol, Usual maternity care
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

54 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. The use of topical vaginal estrogens in postpartum women: A systematic review.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Heidi F A Moossdorff-SteinhauserCare and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands. heidi.moossdorff@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
Bary C M BerghmansPelvic care Unit Maastricht, CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Marc E A SpaandermanDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, MUMC+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Esther M J BolsCare and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introduction and hypothesisUrinary incontinence (UI) is a common and embarrassing complaint for pregnant women. Reported prevalence and incidence figures show a large range, due to varying case definitions, recruited population and study methodology. Precise prevalence and incidence figures on (bothersome) UI are of relevance for health care providers, policy makers and researchers. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the prevalence and incidence of UI in pregnancy in the general population for relevant subgroups and assessed experienced bother.

methodsAll observational studies published between January 1998 and October 2018 reporting on prevalence and/or incidence of UI during pregnancy were included. All women, regardless of weeks of gestation and type of UI presented in all settings, were of interest. A random-effects model was used. Subgroup analyses were conducted by parity, trimester and subtype of UI.

resultsThe mean (weighted) prevalence based on 44 included studies, containing a total of 88.305 women, was 41.0% (range of 9-75%). Stress urinary incontinence (63%) is the most prevalent type of UI; 26% of the women reported daily loss, whereas 40% reported loss on a monthly basis. Bother was experienced as mild to moderate.

conclusionsUI is very prevalent and rising with the weeks of gestation in pregnancy. SUI is the most common type and in most cases it was a small amount. Bother for UI is heterogeneously assessed and experienced as mild to moderate by pregnant women.

Indexed as

Urinary IncontinenceUrinary Incontinence, StressFemaleHumansIncidenceParityPregnancyPrevalenceRisk FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesBotherIncidencePregnancyPrevalenceSystematic reviewUrinary incontinence

Identifiers

PMID33439277
PMCPMC8295103

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.