SynthesisAnnual review of biochemistry2021
Synonymous but Not Silent: The Codon Usage Code for Gene Expression and Protein Folding.
Synthesis in Annual review of biochemistry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 149 papers.
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Who cites it
149 citing papers in PubMed, 222 citations in OpenAlex.
- Codon Optimality Modulates Cellular Stress and Innate Immune Responses Triggered by Exogenous RNAs.Journal of molecular biology · 2026Article
- Graph-based representations in modern protein science.The Biochemical journal · 2026Review
- Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Snap Bean (International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Comparative Chloroplast Genome Analysis of Anchusa and the Adulterants of HERBA ANCHUSAE.Genes · 2026Article
- The Tor pathway, ribosome concentration, and wobble decoding mediate inhibitory effects of the Leu-Pro CUC-CCG codon pair inRNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Folding the message: mRNA structure as a regulatory layer of human mitochondrial gene expression.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research · 2026Review
- Estimating the evolutionary fitness of specific synonymous codon changes.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- From Codons to Protein Structure: Evolutionary Constraints of Mitochondrial Proteins in Corvides.Biology · 2026Article
- Comprehensive resistance profiling of chronic myeloid leukaemia associated ABL1 variants against five tyrosine kinase inhibitors using prime editing.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Coordinated translation initiation determines -1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting efficiency of chromosomal genes to impact on cell fitness.The FEBS journal · 2026Article
- Trends in circadian rhythms research in fungi since the millenium.Npj biological timing and sleep · 2026Review
- Complete chloroplast genomes of four Triumfetta species obtained from herbarium specimens: comparative analysis and identification of a synapomorphic inversion.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Evidence for Non-optimal Codon Choice in Highly Transcribed Sex-Biased Genes of Drosophila melanogaster.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Comparative mitochondrial genome analyses of five medicinal mushroom Sanghuangporus provide insights into conservation, variation, and phylogenetic relationships.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- The regulation, function and disease relevance of cytoplasmic tRNAs.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026Review
- Molecular Analysis of miR-155 and MIR155HG Mutations in Conjunction with TLR4 Variants in Inflammatory Joint Disease.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Noncanonical amino acids enable plug and play vaccine platform in the ALiCE cell free system.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- In vivo CAR-T therapy: from molecular design to precision delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Immunoinformatic-based design of a multi-epitope subunit vaccine against Ruminococcus torques using subtractive proteomics and molecular dynamics simulations.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Estimating the evolutionary fitness of specific synonymous codon changes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
89 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Codon usage bias, the preference for certain synonymous codons, is found in all genomes. Although synonymous mutations were previously thought to be silent, a large body of evidence has demonstrated that codon usage can play major roles in determining gene expression levels and protein structures. Codon usage influences translation elongation speed and regulates translation efficiency and accuracy. Adaptation of codon usage to tRNA expression determines the proteome landscape. In addition, codon usage biases result in nonuniform ribosome decoding rates on mRNAs, which in turn influence the cotranslational protein folding process that is critical for protein function in diverse biological processes. Conserved genome-wide correlations have also been found between codon usage and protein structures. Furthermore, codon usage is a major determinant of mRNA levels through translation-dependent effects on mRNA decay and translation-independent effects on transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes. Here, we discuss the multifaceted roles and mechanisms of codon usage in different gene regulatory processes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.