Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33457077›Full record

ArticleOncoimmunology2020

Gas plasma irradiation of breast cancers promotes immunogenicity, tumor reduction, and an abscopal effect in vivo.

Hamed Mahdikia, Fariba Saadati, Eric Freund, Udo S Gaipl, Keivan Majidzadeh-A, Babak Shokri, Sander Bekeschus

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Oncoimmunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
4.0field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.

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  3. Redox processes in the treatment of advanced skin cancers.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

Hamed MahdikiaLaser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Fariba SaadatiCenter for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany.
Eric FreundCenter for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2950-0984
Udo S GaiplDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-6375-5476
Keivan Majidzadeh-ARecombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.ORCID 0000-0002-8811-0997
Babak ShokriLaser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Sander BekeschusCenter for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-8773-8862
Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology · DEAcademic Center for Education, Culture and Research · IRFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg · DEShahid Beheshti University · IRUniversitätsmedizin Greifswald · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

While many new and emerging therapeutic concepts have appeared throughout the last decades, cancer still is fatal in many patients. At the same time, the importance of immunology in oncotherapy is increasingly recognized, not only since the advent of checkpoint therapy. Among the many types of tumors, also breast cancer has an immunological dimension that might be exploited best by increasing the immunogenicity of the tumors in the microenvironment. To this end, we tested a novel therapeutic concept, gas plasma irradiation, for its ability to promote the immunogenicity and increase the toxicity of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, this emerging medical technology is employing a plethora of reactive oxygen species being deposited on the target cells and tissues. Using 2D cultures and 3D tumor spheroids, we found gas plasma-irradiation to drive apoptosis and immunogenic cancer cell death (ICD) in vitro, as evidenced by an increased expression of calreticulin, heat-shock proteins 70 and 90, and MHC-I. In 4T1 breast cancer-bearing mice, the gas plasma irradiation markedly decreased tumor burden and increased survival. Interestingly, non-treated tumors injected in the opposite flank of mice exposed to our novel treatment also exhibited reduced growth, arguing for an abscopal effect. This was concomitant with an increase of apoptosis and tumor-infiltrating CD4

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsAnimalsApoptosisCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesFemaleHumansImmunogenic Cell DeathMiceTumor MicroenvironmentICDimmunogenic cancer cell deathleukocytesmedical technologyoncologyplasma medicinereactive oxygen speciesros

Identifiers

PMID33457077
PMCPMC7781742
OpenAlexW3115481911

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.