ArticleCommunications biology2021
Scaffold-free human mesenchymal stem cell construct geometry regulates long bone regeneration.
Article in Communications biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- TNF-α and IL-1β but not IL-18 counteract TGF-β1 mediated stimulation of collagen accumulation and increased extracellular matrix strength and stiffness.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A scaffold-free cartilage construct fabricated using a bio 3D printer accelerates critical-size bone defect regeneration.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2026Article
- Engineered and decellularized human cartilage graft exhibits intrinsic immunosuppressive properties and full skeletal repair capacity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Continuous pore size gradient enhances zonal-specific differentiation of stem cells in an osteochondral scaffold.RSC advances · 2025Article
- Current status of nano-embedded growth factors and stem cells delivery to bone for targeted repair and regeneration.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2025Review
- Musculoskeletal Organs-on-Chips: An Emerging Platform for Studying the Nanotechnology-Biology Interface.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Review
- Peptoid-Cross-Linked Hydrogel Stiffness Modulates Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Immunoregulatory Potential in the Presence of Interferon-Gamma.Macromolecular bioscience · 2024Article
- Current Strategies and Therapeutic Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Drug Delivery.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Stem Cells and Bone Tissue Engineering.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Stirred culture of cartilaginous microtissues promotes chondrogenic hypertrophy through exposure to intermittent shear stress.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2023Article
- Close-to-native bone repair via tissue-engineered endochondral ossification approaches.iScience · 2022Review
- Associated changes in stiffness of collagen scaffolds during osteoblast mineralisation and bone formation.BMC research notes · 2022Article
- 4D Cell-Condensate Bioprinting.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2022Article
- Article
- From niche to organoid: Engineering bone tissues through microenvironmental insights.Journal of tissue engineeringReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Biomimetic bone tissue engineering strategies partially recapitulate development. We recently showed functional restoration of femoral defects using scaffold-free human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) condensates featuring localized morphogen presentation with delayed in vivo mechanical loading. Possible effects of construct geometry on healing outcome remain unclear. Here, we hypothesized that localized presentation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 to engineered hMSC tubes mimicking femoral diaphyses induces endochondral ossification, and that TGF-β1 + BMP-2-presenting hMSC tubes enhance defect healing with delayed in vivo loading vs. loosely packed hMSC sheets. Localized morphogen presentation stimulated chondrogenic priming/endochondral differentiation in vitro. Subcutaneously, hMSC tubes formed cartilage templates that underwent bony remodeling. Orthotopically, hMSC tubes stimulated more robust endochondral defect healing vs. hMSC sheets. Tissue resembling normal growth plate was observed with negligible ectopic bone. This study demonstrates interactions between hMSC condensation geometry, morphogen bioavailability, and mechanical cues to recapitulate development for biomimetic bone tissue engineering.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.