ReviewEndocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists2020
Exocrine Pancreas Dysfunction in Type 1 Diabetes.
Review in Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- European guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency: UEG, EPC, EDS, ESPEN, ESPGHAN, ESDO, and ESPCG evidence-based recommendations.United European gastroenterology journal · 2025Guideline
- Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Dosing Guidelines for Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy Vary Widely Across Disease Types.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Serum exocrine pancreas enzymes are biomarkers of immunotherapy response in new-onset type 1 diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Trial
- Unique causes of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency: When to consider pancreatic enzyme supplementation: A narrative review.Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2026Review
- 3D imaging of an entire pancreas shows inverse proportions of extra-islet versus islet-associated β cells in late-onset type 1 diabetes.Science advances · 2026Article
- Severe Osteoporosis in a Young Woman With Type 1 Diabetes and Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency.Case reports in endocrinology · 2026Article
- The prevalence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in diabetes mellitus - a multicentre study.Przeglad gastroenterologiczny · 2026Article
- Review
- The Heterogeneity of Type 1 Diabetes: Implications for Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment-2024 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia Expert Forum.Diabetes care · 2025Review
- Single-cell multiome and spatial profiling reveals pancreas cell type-specific gene regulatory programs of type 1 diabetes progression.Science advances · 2025Article
- The heterogeneity of type 1 diabetes: implications for pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment-2024 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia Expert Forum.Diabetologia · 2025Review
- Diabetes Has Minimal Effect on High Gastrointestinal Symptom Burden in Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Based on EPI/PEI-SS Scores.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Diabetic gastroenteropathy: a pan-alimentary complication.Diabetologia · 2025Review
- Transient Inflammation of Pancreatic Exocrine Tissue in Autoimmune Diabetes Follows Onset of Islet Damage and Utilizes Heparanase-1.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Tissue Resident and Infiltrating Immune Cells: Their Influence on the Demise of Beta Cells in Type 1 Diabetes.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Type 1 diabetes: immune pathology and novel therapeutic approaches.Diabetology international · 2024Review
- Circulating pancreatic enzyme levels are a causal biomarker of type 1 diabetes.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- The Importance of Intra-Islet Communication in the Function and Plasticity of the Islets of Langerhans during Health and Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Symptoms, burden, and unmet needs of patients living with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency: a narrative review of the patient experience.BMC gastroenterology · 2024Review
- SliceChip: a benchtop fluidic platform for organotypic culture and serial assessment of human and rodent pancreatic slices.Lab on a chip · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveType 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by autoimmune β-cell destruction, but exocrine pancreas abnormalities may also play a role in the disease pathophysiology. Herein, we review the current evidence of exocrine damage in T1D and discuss its underlying pathophysiology, clinical evaluation, and treatment.
methodExtensive literature search was performed for "type 1 diabetes" and "exocrine dysfunction" on PubMed and Google Scholar databases.
resultsT1D pancreata are significantly smaller than controls, both in weight and volume. T cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and products of complement activation are seen in T1D exocrine tissues. Exocrine pancreas fibrosis, arteriosclerosis, fatty infiltration, and acinar atrophy are also observed on histology. Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) can be assessed through direct exocrine testing, fecal elastase concentration, and measurement of serum exocrine enzymes. The prevalence of PEI in T1D varies by modality and study but is consistently greater than controls. The clinical relevance of PEI in T1D is debatable, as many patients with laboratory evidence of PEI are asymptomatic. However, in PEI-symptomatic patients reported benefits of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) include relief of gastrointestinal symptoms, improved quality of life, better glycemic control, and optimal nutrition.
conclusionExocrine pancreas abnormalities often occur in T1D. Whether exocrine dysfunction occurs simultaneously with β-cell destruction, as a result of β-cell loss, or as a combination of both remains to be definitively answered. In T1D with gastrointestinal complaints, PEI should be evaluated, usually via fecal elastase measurements. PERT is recommended for T1D patients with symptoms and laboratory evidence of PEI. ABBREVIATIONS: AAb+ = autoantibody positive; AAb- = autoantibody negative; FEC = fecal elastase concentration; PEI = pancreatic exocrine insufficiency; PERT = pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy; PP = pancreatic polypep-tide; T1D = type 1 diabetes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.