Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33473157›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Yawn contagion in domestic pigs (Sus scrofa).

Ivan Norscia, Elisabetta Coco, Carlo Robino, Elena Chierto, Giada Cordoni

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Emotions spread like contagious diseases.Frontiers in psychology · 2025
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. The sound of yawns makes geladas yawn.Scientific reports · 2024
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Interspecific Contagious Yawning in Humans.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022
    Article
  14. No Evidence for Contagious Yawning in Juvenile Ravens (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022
    Article
  15. Yawn contagion in bonobos: Another group, another story.American journal of primatology · 2022
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Anxiety Behavior in Pigs (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ivan NorsciaDepartment of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy. ivan.norscia@unito.it.
Elisabetta CocoDepartment of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
Carlo RobinoDepartment of Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
Elena ChiertoDepartment of Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
Giada CordoniDepartment of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy. giada.cordoni@unito.it.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Contrary to spontaneous yawning-an ancient phenomenon common to vertebrates-contagious yawning (elicited by others' yawns) has been found only in highly social species and may reflect an emotional inter-individual connection. We investigated yawn contagion in the domestic pig, Sus scrofa. Owing to the complex socio-emotional and cognitive abilities of Sus scrofa, we posited that yawn contagion could be present in this species (Prediction 1) and influenced by individual/social factors (Prediction 2). In June-November 2018, on 104 semi-free ranging adolescent/adult pigs, 224 videos were recorded for video analysis on yawning. Kinship information was refined via genetic analyses. Statistical elaboration was conducted via GLMMs and non-parametric/randomization/cross-tabulation tests. We found yawn contagion in Sus scrofa, as it was more likely that pigs yawned when perceiving rather than not perceiving (yawning/control condition) others' yawns (response peak in the first out of three minutes). Yawn contagion was more likely: (1) in response to males' yawns; (2) as the age increased; (3) within short distance (1 m); (4) between full siblings, with no significant association between kinship and distance. The influence of kinship suggests that-as also hypothesized for Homo sapiens-yawn contagion might be linked with emotional communication and possibly contagion.

Indexed as

AnimalsAnimals, DomesticImitative BehaviorMaleSus scrofaYawning

Identifiers

PMID33473157
PMCPMC7817675

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.