ReviewBiomolecules2021
Insulin/IGF Axis in Breast Cancer: Clinical Evidence and Translational Insights.
Review in Biomolecules, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) by using metformin in non-diabetic metastatic breast cancer female patients: a randomized controlled trial.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2025Trial
- TMEM216 inhibits breast cancer lung metastasis by modulating IGF1R-IRS4 signaling pathway.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Insulin resistance as a modifiable contributor to breast cancer: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic implications.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Mammary adipose dysfunction in the dual epidemic of obesity and breast cancer.Carcinogenesis · 2025Review
- Breast Cancer Cell Line-Specific Responses to Insulin: Effects on Proliferation and Migration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Identification of potential shared gene signatures between periodontitis and breast cancer by integrating bulk RNA-seq and scRNA-seq data.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pancreatic endocrine and exocrine signaling and crosstalk in physiological and pathological status.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Breast cancer shares many epidemiological, lifestyle, and local hormonal and metabolic underpinnings with endometrial and ovarian cancer: a narrative review.Translational breast cancer research : a journal focusing on translational research in breast cancer · 2025Review
- Decoding the Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 and Its Isoforms in Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Triglyceride-glucose index is a risk factor for breast cancer in China: a cross-sectional study.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
- Association between triglyceride glucose index and breast cancer in 142,184 Chinese adults: findings from the REACTION study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Effects of Functional and Nutraceutical Foods in the Context of the Mediterranean Diet in Patients Diagnosed with Breast Cancer.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- RAGE inhibition blunts insulin-induced oncogenic signals in breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2023Article
- IGF-1 Stimulates Glycolytic ATP Production in MCF-7L Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Review
- Clinical and sociodemographic risk factors associated with the development of second primary cancers among postmenopausal breast cancer survivors.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2023Article
- Review
- Glucose-dependent effect of insulin receptor isoforms on tamoxifen antitumor activity in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Breast cancer prevention by short-term inhibition of TGFβ signaling.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Hormone-Glutamine Metabolism: A Critical Regulatory Axis in Endocrine-Related Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBreast cancer (BC) is the most common neoplasm in women. Many clinical and preclinical studies investigated the possible relationship between host metabolism and BC. Significant differences among BC subtypes have been reported for glucose metabolism. Insulin can promote tumorigenesis through a direct effect on epithelial tissues or indirectly by affecting the levels of other modulators, such as the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family of receptors, sex hormones, and adipokines. The potential anti-cancer activity of metformin is based on two principal effects: first, its capacity for lowering circulating insulin levels with indirect endocrine effects that may impact on tumor cell proliferation; second, its direct influence on many pro-cancer signaling pathways that are key drivers of BC aggressiveness.
methodsIn the present review, the interaction between BC, host metabolism, and patients' prognosis has been reviewed across available literature evidence.
conclusionsObesity, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance are all involved in BC growth and could have a relevant impact on prognosis. All these factors act through a pro-inflammatory state, mediated by cytokines originated in fat tissue, and seem to be related to a higher risk of BC development and worse prognosis.
Indexed as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.