Evidence mapPaperPMID 33482956Full record

ArticleThe Permanente journal2020

Evaluation of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors versus Thiazolidinediones or Insulin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Uncontrolled with Metformin and a Sulfonylurea in a Real-World Setting.

Natalie Aboubechara, Vittoria Marie Ledesma, Fang Niu, Susan M Lee, Yesha A Patel, Mirta Millares, Rita L Hui

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Permanente journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact, top 75% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Reduced Weight Gain with Pioglitazone vs Vildagliptin inDiabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Natalie AboubecharaDrug Information Services, Kaiser Permanente California Regions, Oakland, CA.
Vittoria Marie LedesmaPharmacy Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Network, Los Angeles, CA.
Fang NiuPharmacy Outcomes Research Group, Kaiser Permanente California Regions, Oakland, CA.
Susan M LeeDrug Information Services, Kaiser Permanente California Regions, Oakland, CA.
Yesha A PatelClinical Pharmacy, Veterans Affairs, New York, NY.
Mirta MillaresDrug Information Services, Kaiser Permanente California Regions, Oakland, CA.
Rita L HuiPharmacy Outcomes Research Group, Kaiser Permanente California Regions, Oakland, CA.
Kaiser Permanente · USCedars-Sinai Medical Center · USVeterans Health Administration · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGuidelines do not make clear recommendations for third add-on agents to metformin plus a sulfonylurea. This study compared the effectiveness and safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is) to thiazolidinedione (TZD) or insulin as a third add-on agent to metformin plus a sulfonylurea in an integrated health care setting.

methodsThis retrospective database cohort study included adults with type 2 diabetes not at goal hemoglobin A

resultsIn this study, 2080 patients started on a DPP4i were matched to 8320 patients started on TZD and to 8320 patients taking insulin. A significantly higher percentage of patients taking TZD reached goal HbA

conclusionTZD was more effective than DPP4i but DPP4i was as effective as insulin as a third add-on agent in the overall study population. Insulin was more effective than DPP4i only in the subgroup analysis of patients with baseline HbA

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV InhibitorsMetforminThiazolidinedionesAdultBlood GlucoseCohort StudiesDipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-PeptidasesDrug Therapy, CombinationGlycated HemoglobinHumansHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinRetrospective StudiesTreatment OutcomeBlood GlucoseDipeptidyl-Peptidase IV InhibitorsDipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-PeptidasesGlycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinMetforminThiazolidinediones

Identifiers

PMID33482956
PMCPMC7849257
OpenAlexW3116124132

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.