ReviewFrontiers in immunology
HLA, Immune Response, and Susceptibility to COVID-19.
Review in Frontiers in immunology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- Celiac disease and COVID-19 in adults: A systematic review.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- HLA-B class I allele associations with neurological complications in pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective observational study.BMC pediatrics · 2026Observational
- Article
- Deciphering the genetic control of immune cell function at single-cell resolution: Disease-Specific Cis-eQTLs analysis of COVID-19.Immunogenetics · 2026Article
- Identification of HLA Variants Associated with Symptomatic and Asymptomatic COVID-19 Using a Machine Learning Approach.The AAPS journal · 2026Article
- Phosphorylation of a Tumor-Derived ASXL2 Epitope Remodels the HLA-Bound Peptide Conformational Ensemble and Interaction Network of the Peptide-HLA Complex.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Genes Encoding Heat Shock Proteins Are Associated with Risk and Clinical Course of Severe COVID-19: A Pilot Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Association of HLA-B gene polymorphism and blood groups with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Do Long COVID and COVID Vaccine Side Effects Share Pathophysiological Picture and Biochemical Pathways?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Immune transcriptomic analysis on COVID-19 patients with varying clinical presentations identifies severity markers.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Integrated analysis of COVID-19 multi-omics data for eQTLs reveals genetic mechanisms underlying disease severity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- HLA Polymorphisms and COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity: Insights From an Iranian Patients Cohort.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Predictive Factors for COVID-19 Severity in Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis: Real-World Data from the Romanian Registry of Rheumatic Diseases.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Observational
- Gut Microbes as the Major Drivers of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Our Microbes Are Our Fortune!Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Genetic differences in the HLA region contribute to the variability in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responsiveness of older persons: the Doetinchem Cohort Study.Clinical & translational immunology · 2025Article
- Quantitative IgG response to SARS-CoV-2 membrane protein in infected individuals strongly correlates with lung injury.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Impact of HLA Alleles on COVID-19 Severity in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Single-Center Study.Cureus · 2024Article
- Machine learning to understand risks for severe COVID-19 outcomes: a retrospective cohort study of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, immunomodulatory medications, and comorbidities in a large US health-care system.The Lancet. Digital health · 2024Article
- Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that appeared in December 2019 has precipitated the global pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, in many parts of Africa fewer than expected cases of COVID-19, with lower rates of mortality, have been reported. Individual human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles can affect both the susceptibility and the severity of viral infections. In the case of COVID-19 such an analysis may contribute to identifying individuals at higher risk of the disease and the epidemiological level to understanding the differences between countries in the epidemic patterns. It is also recognized that first antigen exposure influences the consequence of subsequent exposure. We thus propose a theory incorporating HLA antigens, the "original antigenic sin (OAS)" effect, and presentation of viral peptides which could explain with differential susceptibility or resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.