Trial reportThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2021
Changes in Ghrelin and Glucagon following a Low Glycemic Load Diet in Women with PCOS.
Trial report in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nutrition interventions in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review.European journal of nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Two decades of nutrition research in polycystic ovary syndrome: emerging patterns and scientific output (2004-2024).Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Optimizing carbohydrate quality: a path to better health for women with PCOS.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Beneficial Effects of Carbohydrate Restriction in Type 2 Diabetes Can Be Traced to Changes in Hepatic Metabolism.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Trial
- Review
- Journey through the gut-inflammation axis in polycystic ovary syndrome: the microbiota's role in shaping inflammatory pathways.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Review
- Exploring the effects of high protein versus high fat snacks on satiety, gut hormones and insulin secretion in women with overweight and obesity: A randomized clinical trial.Obesity pillars · 2025Article
- Review
- A disturbed communication between hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary axis and gut microbiota in female infertility: is diet to blame?Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Exploring the physiological factors relating to energy balance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a scoping review.Nutrition reviews · 2025Article
- An algorithm to simulate missing data for mixed meal tolerance test response curves.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Article
- Personalizing Nutrition Strategies: Bridging Research and Public Health.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Glucagon kinetics assessed by mathematical modelling during oral glucose administration in people spanning from normal glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Estimates in the Dietary Approach of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Etiology, Current Management, and Future Therapeutics.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Lifestyle management in polycystic ovary syndrome - beyond diet and physical activity.BMC endocrine disorders · 2023Review
- Gut microbiota dysbiosis in polycystic ovary syndrome: Mechanisms of progression and clinical applications.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Correlation of serum leptin and ghrelin levels with endocrine and reproductive parameters in women with clomiphene citrate resistant polycystic ovary syndrome.Turkish journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextAltered satiety hormones in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) may contribute to obesity. Diets with a low glycemic load (GL) may influence appetite-regulating hormones including glucagon and ghrelin.
objectiveTo test the hypothesis that following a 4-week, eucaloric low vs high GL diet habituation, a low vs high GL meal will increase glucagon and decrease ghrelin to reflect greater satiety and improve self-reported fullness.
methodsSecondary analysis of a randomized crossover trial.
participantsThirty women diagnosed with PCOS.
interventionParticipants were provided low (41:19:40% energy from carbohydrate:protein:fat) and high (55:18:27) GL diets for 8 weeks each. At each diet midpoint, a solid meal test was administered to examine postprandial ghrelin, glucagon, glucose, insulin, and self-reported appetite scores.
resultsAfter 4 weeks, fasting glucagon was greater with the low vs high GL diet (P = .035), and higher fasting glucagon was associated with lesser feelings of hunger (P = .009). Significant diet effects indicate 4-hour glucagon was higher (P < .001) and ghrelin was lower (P = .009) after the low vs high GL meal. A trending time × diet interaction (P = .077) indicates feelings of fullness were greater in the early postprandial phase after the high GL meal, but no differences were observed the late postprandial phase.
conclusionThese findings suggest after low GL diet habituation, a low GL meal reduces ghrelin and increases glucagon in women with PCOS. Further research is needed to determine the influence of diet composition on ad libitum intake in women with PCOS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.