SynthesisOpen heart2021
Music intervention to relieve anxiety and pain in adults undergoing cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Open heart, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06120660 (Effects of a Musical Intervention on Hormonal and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 36 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of a Musical Intervention on Hormonal and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Patients
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effect of Reflexology on Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Open Heart Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.The journal of nursing research : JNR · 2026Pooled it
- Virtual Reality Is Safe and Can Reduce In-Hospital Anxiety and Pain: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses and Trial Sequence Analyses.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of music on pain in mechanically ventilated patients: A Systematic review.Nursing in critical care · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of music on preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain in patients undergoing gynecological surgery: A meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of music interventions to improve sleep in adults with mental health problems.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2024Pooled it
- Exploring the effect of music therapy as intervention to reduce anxiety pre- and post-operatively in CABG surgery: A quantitative systematic review.Nursing open · 2023Pooled it
- Impact of music intervention on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography patients' pain, anxiety, and vital signs: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Comparison of Effects of Liuzijue Exercise and Conventional Respiratory Training on Patients after Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2023Trial
- Effects of Live Music on the Perception of Noise in the SICU/PICU: A Patient, Caregiver, and Medical Staff Environmental Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
- Music therapy for pain and anxiety in patients after cardiac valve replacement: a randomized controlled clinical trial.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2023Trial
- Personalized Perioperative Music Listening: A Human-Centered Approach to Precision Anesthesia.Cureus · 2026Review
- Neurobiological rhythms in critical care: A commentary on intensive care unit music therapy efficacy and mechanism.World journal of critical care medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- The role of music in perinatal mental health, with a psychoneuroimmunological perspective.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Music interferes with expectation-induced pain modulation: a controlled cross-over experimental study.Pain reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Measuring Stress Reduction in Patients Receiving Multimedia Entertainment During Vascular Surgery Under Regional Anesthesia: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Music Therapy may Decrease Radial Artery Spasm Rates and Increase Satisfaction during Coronary Angiography.Current vascular pharmacology · 2025Article
- Implementation of music in the perioperative standard care of colorectal surgery (IMPROVE study).Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland · 2024Article
- Using music to reduce anxiety and stress in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty: A randomized clinical trial protocol.MethodsX · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesPrevious studies have reported beneficial effects of perioperative music on patients' anxiety and pain. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials investigating music interventions in cardiac surgery.
methodsFive electronic databases were systematically searched. Primary outcomes were patients' postoperative anxiety and pain. Secondary outcomes were hospital length of stay, opioid use, vital parameters and time on mechanical ventilation. PRISMA guidelines were followed and PROSPERO database registration was completed (CRD42020149733). A meta-analysis was performed using random effects models and pooled standardised mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated.
resultsTwenty studies were included for qualitative analysis (1169 patients) and 16 (987 patients) for meta-analysis. The first postoperative music session was associated with significantly reduced postoperative anxiety (SMD = -0.50 (95% CI -0.67 to -0.32), p<0.01) and pain (SMD = -0.51 (95% CI -0.84 to -0.19), p<0.01). This is equal to a reduction of 4.00 points (95% CI 2.56 to 5.36) and 1.05 points (95% CI 0.67 to 1.41) on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)/Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), respectively, for anxiety, and 1.26 points (95% CI 0.47 to 2.07) on the VAS/NRS for pain. Multiple days of music intervention reduced anxiety until 8 days postoperatively (SMD = -0.39 (95% CI -0.64 to -0.15), p<0.01).
conclusionsOffering recorded music is associated with a significant reduction in postoperative anxiety and pain in cardiac surgery. Unlike pharmacological interventions, music is without side effects so is promising in this population.
Indexed as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.