ReviewNature reviews. Endocrinology2021
Targeting lipid GPCRs to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus - progress and challenges.
Review in Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research Progress and Applications of Multivalent, Multispecific and Modified Nanobodies for Disease Treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of microencapsulated sodium butyrate on abdominal symptoms and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- The Multifaceted Roles of GPR120 in Central Nervous System Disorders: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Implications.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Endothelial Ffar4 protects against diabetic kidney disease by potentiating endogenous retinoic acid metabolism.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Article
- Fatty Acid-Sensing G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Skeletal Metabolism.Journal of bone metabolism · 2026Article
- Endothelial IRE1α promotes thrombospondin-1 mRNA decay and supports metabolic stress adaptation of pancreatic islets.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A Comprehensive Review on Medium- and Long-Chain Fatty Acid-Derived Metabolites: From Energy Sources to Metabolic Signals.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Impacts of ketogenic diet intervention on cardiometabolic outcomes in obese, dysglycemic mice.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Review
- CYP4X1/sEH-Dependent Endocannabinoid Metabolism Drives Fibroblast-Mediated Immunosuppression to Limit Immunotherapy in Colon Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- FFAR4 drives stem cell fate toward lipid- and iron-storing enterocytes protecting human enteroids from ferroptosis.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- Article
- Molecular impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms in GIPR gene among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in the Saudi population.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- The Endocannabinoid System in the Development and Treatment of Obesity: Searching for New Ideas.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Maternal Thyroid Supplementation Prevents Autistic-relevant Social Behavior and Hypothalamic Oxytocin Depletion Produced by Developmental Exposure to Environmental Toxicants.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Islet hormones at the intersection of glucose and amino acid metabolism.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Relevance of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Narrative Review.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- FFAR4-mediated IL-6 release from islet macrophages promotes insulin secretion and is compromised in type-2 diabetes.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Impact of an 8-week home-based resistance training and leisure-time physical activity on serum glucagon-like peptide-1 and microRNA-192 levels in children with type 1 diabetes: A randomized clinical trial.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2025Article
- Pathogenetic therapeutic approaches for endocrine diseases based on antisense oligonucleotides and RNA-interference.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- GPR40/GPR120 Agonist GW9508 Improves Metabolic Syndrome-Exacerbated Periodontitis in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Therapeutic approaches to the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus that are designed to increase insulin secretion either directly target β-cells or indirectly target gastrointestinal enteroendocrine cells (EECs), which release hormones that modulate insulin secretion (for example, incretins). Given that β-cells and EECs both express a large array of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that modulate insulin secretion, considerable research and development efforts have been undertaken to design therapeutic drugs targeting these GPCRs. Among them are GPCRs specific for free fatty acid ligands (lipid GPCRs), including free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1, otherwise known as GPR40), FFA2 (GPR43), FFA3 (GPR41) and FFA4 (GPR120), as well as the lipid metabolite binding glucose-dependent insulinotropic receptor (GPR119). These lipid GPCRs have demonstrated important roles in the control of islet and gut hormone secretion. Advances in lipid GPCR pharmacology have led to the identification of a number of synthetic agonists that exert beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis in preclinical studies. Yet, translation of these promising results to the clinic has so far been disappointing. In this Review, we present the physiological roles, pharmacology and clinical studies of these lipid receptors and discuss the challenges associated with their clinical development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.