SynthesisNutrients2021
Effect of Calcium Fortified Foods on Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Impact of dairy supplementation on bone acquisition in children's limbs: a 12-month cluster-randomized controlled trial and meta-analysis.Archives of osteoporosis · 2024Pooled it
- The Effects of Milk Supplementation on Bone Health Indices in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Pooled it
- Calcium supplementation for prevention of primary hypertension.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Calcium supplementation for prevention of primary hypertension.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- Enhancing Skeletal Health in Developmental Coordination Disorder: The Role of Calcium and Targeted Training in Children Bone Density Development.International journal of school health · 2026Article
- Associations of coffee, alcohol, medication and supplement use with the metabolome and lipidome: an observational study of premenopausal women.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2026Observational
- Screening of probiotics for promoting mineral absorption based onFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Dietary intake and its relationship with physical growth and serum nutrient levels for preschool-aged children in southern China.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- The Role of Nutraceuticals in Age-Related Ocular Diseases.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Hydration Meets Regulation: Insights into Bicarbonate Mineral Water and Acid-Base Balance.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Article
- Identification of Priority Nutrients in the US: Targeting Malnutrition to Address Diet-Related Disease Across the Lifespan.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Serum magnesium and calcium were inversely associated with hemoglobin glycation index and triglyceride-glucose index in adults with coronary artery disease.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- Albumin: a mediator of the association between serum calcium and triglyceride-glucose index among Chinese individuals with osteoporotic fractures.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Health economics evidence for food system policy: a systematic review of reviews.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia with aClinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology · 2025Article
- Global prevalence of diet low in calcium and the disease burden: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.Nutrition & diabetes · 2024Article
- Planetary Health Diet Compared to Dutch Dietary Guidelines: Nutritional Content and Adequacy.Nutrients · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Calcium supplementation and fortification are strategies widely used to prevent adverse outcome in population with low-calcium intake which is highly frequent in low-income settings. We aimed to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of calcium fortified foods on calcium intake and related health, or economic outcomes. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis involving participants of any age or gender, drawn from the general population. We searched PubMed, Agricola, EMBASE, CINAHL, Global Health, EconLit, the FAO website and Google until June 2019, without language restrictions. Pair of reviewers independently selected, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies using Covidence software. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. We performed meta-analyses using RevMan 5.4 and subgroup analyses by study design, age group, and fortification levels. We included 20 studies of which 15 were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), three were non-randomised studies and two were economic evaluations. Most RCTs had high risk of bias on randomization or blinding. Most represented groups were women and children from 1 to 72 months, most common intervention vehicles were milk and bakery products with a fortification levels between 96 and 1200 mg per 100 g of food. Calcium intake increased in the intervention groups between 460 mg (children) and 1200 mg (postmenopausal women). Most marked effects were seen in children. Compared to controls, height increased 0.83 cm (95% CI 0.00; 1.65), plasma parathyroid hormone decreased -1.51 pmol/L, (-2.37; -0.65), urine:calcium creatinine ratio decreased -0.05, (-0.07; -0.03), femoral neck and hip bone mineral density increased 0.02 g/cm
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Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.